多瑪斯主義與科學思想的同態結構：郎尼根的觀點

The Isomorphic Structure of Thomism and Scientific Thinking: Lonergan's Point of View

陳文祥(Wen-Hsiang CHEN)

郎尼根 ； 多瑪斯主義 ； 科學 ； 同態結構 ； 可理解性 ； 洞察 ； Bernard Lonergan ； Thomism ； Science ； Isomorphism ； Intelligibility ； Insight

哲學與文化

45卷1期（2018 / 01 / 01）

99 - 114

繁體中文

郎尼根對於多瑪斯哲學與科學探究的原理具有深刻的研究，而標舉出二者具有「同態結構」的特性。本文首先釐清此一觀念，及其在郎尼根思想上的運用；其次在於探討為何郎尼根認為多瑪斯主義可以和科學思想產生連結。本文主張，二者的同態結構可歸結為：一、科學與多瑪斯學派皆肯定經驗和與件的重要性。二、定義與判斷之於多瑪斯的認知論，以及假設與驗證之於科學的探問法二者具有同態性。三、科學與多瑪斯學派對認識皆懷抱謙遜之態度；最後，二者對認知的理解皆已擺脫了「可視性」而朝向「可理解性」的結構，前者主張抽象作用把握可理解形式，而後者以洞察把握「可理解性」。本文透過郎尼根視角所達成的目的，不僅在於澄清二者之「同態結構」的可能性，更在此基礎確認科學探究及其精神，非但不會使多瑪斯主義在當代失色，相反地，更可能證明多瑪斯哲學的合理內核。

Bernard Lonergan was a well-known and profound philosopher who investigated both Thomas Aquinas's philosophy and scientific thinking. He pointed out their ＂Isomorphic structure.＂ In this paper, the author clarifies the concept of ＂isomorphism＂ and how it applies to Lonergan's thought. Then the question how Lonergan could assert the analogy between Thomism and scientific thinking is discussed. It is argued that the isomorphic structure is as follows: first, both science and Thomism affirm the importance of experience and data in the process of knowing; second, definition and judgment in Thomas Aquinas is isomorphic with hypothesis and verification in scientific thought; third, both science and Thomism maintain a similar modesty about the extent of our knowing; and finally, both of them abstained from the view that 'knowing is looking' but proposed that 'knowing is to grasp the intelligible' instead. It is also worth noting that the function of 'abstraction' in Aquinas is isomorphic with 'insight' in the scientific approach. As a result, the purpose of this paper is not only to clarify the possible isomorphism between Thomism and scientific thought but also to explicate that the spirit of scientific thinking and Thomism complement each other in our own time.

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