告別「惡的形而上學」：論傅柯的疾病概念

Breaking from the Metaphysic of Evil: Some Reflections on Foucault's Concepts of Maladie and Mal

潘大為(Dawei PAN)；Yves VENDÉ

傅柯 ； 疾病 ； 病痛 ； 醫學哲學 ； 中醫 ； Foucault ； Disease ； Illness ； Philosophy of Medicine ； Chinese Medicine

哲學與文化

45卷4期（2018 / 04 / 01）

145 - 163

繁體中文

傅柯的疾病概念包括兩個層面：一個是醫學史，即19世紀初期疾病實體的概念被放棄，疾病不再被視為一種惡，而是脫離形而上學的經驗事實。另一個是醫學哲學，即基於病理解剖學的新的疾病概念只是一種醫學認識取代另一種醫學認識，不是知識進步。這種疾病概念是否以及在多大程度上支持一種比較哲學？本文以傅柯關於現代醫學與「惡的形而上學」的分離的論斷為切入點，以中國醫學為參照，揭示傅柯疾病概念及其醫學哲學隱含的歐洲中心主義立場，並探討一種批判的比較醫學哲學的可能性。

Foucault's concepts of maladie and mal involves arguments at two levels. The first is the medical history, suggesting that the theory of the being of the disease was abandoned in early 19^(th) century and that the disease or maladie has been regarded not as evil but as an empirical fact irrelevant to metaphysics. The second is the philosophy of medicine, suggesting that the pathological anatomy-based concept of the disease or maladie signifies no advancement of knowledge but one medical perception substituted by another. Whether and to what extent can the concepts of maladie and mal be expanded in support of moves in the direction of a comparative philosophy of medicine? Focusing on Foucault's claim of the disassociation of modern medicine of the ＂metaphysic of evil＂, this article explores the Eurocentrism that Foucault’s concepts of maladie and mal, or more generally his philosophy of medicine may imply. The potential for a critical comparative philosophy of medicine to be built on a Foucauldian base is discussed using Chinese medicine as a reference.

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