羅爾斯全球正義理論研究中的三個主題－合宜社會、人權與經濟正義

Three Topics in the Studies of Rawls's Theory of Global Justice: Decent Society, Human Rights and Economic Justice

孫金峰(Jinfeng SUN)

羅爾斯 ； 全球正義 ； 合宜社會 ； 人權 ； 經濟正義 ； 世界主義 ； Rawls ； Global Justice ； Decent Society ； Human Rights ； Economic Justice ； Cosmopolitanism

哲學與文化

46卷1期（2019 / 01 / 01）

135 - 149

繁體中文

羅爾斯的全球正義理論所引發的爭議集中在他的全球正義理論偏離了其在國內正義理論中的觀點，主要包含三個方面。在合宜社會方面，羅爾斯主張對其容忍，而批評者認為合宜社會獲得容忍所要滿足的條件太低。在人權方面，批評者認為在全球正義層面，保護人權不是羅爾斯的首要目標，而且他所要求的予以保護的人權在內容上過於狹窄。在經濟正義方面，羅爾斯受到的批評在於他沒有把差異原則用於保障全球層面的背景正義。雖然在這三方面可以為羅爾斯的理論提供各種辯護，但羅爾斯在其全球正義理論中偏離了其在國內正義理論中將個人作為道德關切的最終對象的立場，無法應對世界主義的挑戰。

The controversy around Rawls's theory of global justice focuses on its inconsistency with his theory of domestic justice in three topics. Regarding decent societies, Rawls insists that they deserve toleration from liberal societies while critics hold that the threshold of their toleration is too low. Regarding human rights, critics argue that in his theory of global justice, Rawls does not take the protection of human rights as his primary goal and that the content of human rights Rawls endorses in his theory of global justice is too narrow. Regarding economic justice, critique centers on Rawls's not extending the difference principle to the global level to ensure global background justice. Although defenses are made for Rawls in the three topics, Rawls's departure in global justice from his position in domestic justice that individuals are the ultimate of moral concern cannot survive cosmopolitan critique and should be modified accordingly.

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