自由民主的宗教反思：哈伯馬斯宗教哲學的啟示

The Religious Reflections of Liberal Democracy: The Implications in Jürgen Habermas's Philosophy of Religion

陳閔翔(Min-Siang CHEN)

公共領域 ； 宗教學習 ； 寬容 ； 後世俗社會 ； 現代性 ； 溝通理性 ； Public Sphere ； Learn from Religion ； Tolerance ； Post-Secular Society ； Modernity ； Communicative Rationality

哲學與文化

46卷2期（2019 / 02 / 01）

57 - 74

繁體中文

本文旨在反思當代自由民主實踐所遭遇的宗教衝突，並透過哈伯馬斯的論點與啟示，指出理論上可消彌爭議的解方及可能方向。哈伯馬斯的宗教哲學主張「把宗教帶進公共領域」，希冀藉由不同信仰公民之間的公共對話與理性溝通，來降低宗教意見或信仰價值的歧異。這個觀點源自他的溝通理論、公共領域思想、以及審議民主學說，目標是透過公民間的互補性學習，把宗教問題放到憲政國家的民主和法律結構中去調解，以此邁向「後世俗社會」，最終實現「包容他者」的真正啟蒙精神。哈伯馬斯的宗教思想深具啟發性與建設性，因為他重新審視了現代性這個課題，診斷出恐怖主義戰爭的溝通扭曲病徵。

The purpose of this paper is to reflect religious conflicts of contemporary liberal democracy and to investigate the implications by Jürgen Habermas's arguments and inspirations. The philosophy of religion of Habermas has claimed that ＂bring religion in public sphere＂ can reduce the difference of religious opinion and hope to practice communicative rationality whin citizens by the public dialogue between believers and non-believers. That thoughts came from his theory of communicative action, the public sphere, and deliberative democracy. The goals are to learn from religion between citizens and put it on democracy and law of constitution in order to solve religious conflicts. For Habermas, that is way to toward post-secular society and achieve the Enlightenment of ＂inclusion of the Other＂. There are great theoretical significances in Habermas's works which re-examines and defends modernity to the symptoms of communication distortions form terrorism.

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