悖論成因及其哲學和文化意蘊

The Origin of Paradox and Its Philosophical and Cultural Meanings

王天恩(Tianen WANG)

悖論 ； 哲學 ； 文化 ； 描述 ； 規定 ； Paradox ； Philosophy ； Culture ； Description ； Stipulation

哲學與文化

46卷5期（2019 / 05 / 01）

19 - 34

繁體中文

任何描述都必須以相應的思維規定為前提，這意味著描述具有規範的性質。悖論的基本成因是描述和規定交織構成自相衝突。描述與作為自身前提的規定自相衝突是典型悖論的成因；描述與自身所包含的規定、關聯描述、同一描述中規定之間自相衝突將構成自相矛盾的悖論。作為描述和規定交織的特殊產物，悖論的成因具有重要哲學和文化意蘊。悖論標誌的是理論框架轉向更高層次的節點，其成因甚至關乎邏輯的哲學基礎。把人類知識看作是對外部對象的客觀寫照，認識就將走向作繭自縛。任何文化都是建立在特定規定之上的關係體系，這些規定深植於信仰之中，決定了一種文化的邏輯。悖論的成因曉示著一種關乎推升哲學和文化層次的重要發展機制。

All descriptions must take some corresponding stipulation as its premise, which means that description is normative. The basic origin of paradox is that the conflicts arise from the interweaving of descriptions and stipulations. The origin of typical paradox is the conflict between description and the stipulation as its premise. There are other three kinds of conflicts besides that cause typical paradoxes: the conflict among associated descriptions, between description and included stipulations, and among stipulations in the description. As conflicts are deep-rooted in the interweaving of description and stipulation, the origin of paradox means a lot in philosophy and culture. Paradoxes are nodes to some higher-level of a theoretical framework. The origin of paradox is even closely related to the philosophical foundation of logic. To regard human knowledge of the world as a pure and objective portrayal of the external object will cocoon oneself like silkworms. A culture is a system of relationships based on specific stipulations, which are deeply rooted in faith and determine the logic of certain culture. The origin of the paradox shows important mechanisms concerning the improvement of the development level of philosophy and culture.

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