崇禮與性善──清儒程瑤田義理思想探析

An Interpretation of Cheng Yao-tian's Philosophy

廖曉煒(Xiao-wei LIAO)；朱燕玲(Yan-ling ZHU)

程瑤田 ； 性善 ； 被稀釋的朱子學 ； Cheng Yao-tian ； Human Nature is Good ； Zhu Xi's Doctrine

哲學與文化

46卷6期（2019 / 06 / 01）

141 - 154

繁體中文

本文以性善說及工夫論的討論為中心，梳理並評估程瑤田的義理思想。受時代思潮的影響，瑤田之學表現出鮮明的崇禮重實的特徵。程瑤田藉朱子學的概念框架來闡述其對性善說及工夫論的思考，不過其理論系統與朱子學預設了完全不同的形上學基礎，瑤田接受的是一自然主義的「氣一元論」，拒斥朱子學理氣二分、義理之性與氣質之性二分等觀念。瑤田的義理思想可方便地稱之為「被稀釋的」朱子學。

As a representative scholar during Qianlong and Jiaqing period of the Qing dynasty, Cheng Yao-tian's philosophy has a great effect on many scholars of that time, such as Ling Tingkan (凌廷堪), Jiao Xun (焦循) and so on. This paper will give an interpretation of Cheng Yao-tian's philosophy from three aspects. First, through analyzing Cheng's discourse, we can find the general characteristic of his philosophy: attach great importance to ritual. Second, although Cheng accept a naturalistic philosophy of Qi (氣), he gives a stronger interpretation of Mencius' theory of human nature than many scholars in Qing dynasty. Finally, Cheng uses many Zhu Xi's concepts to establish his philosophy, such as ＂the mind commands man's nature and feelings＂ (心統性情), but his philosophy and Zhu Xi's doctrine belongs to different philosophical paradigms. In a sense, we can regard Cheng' philosophy as a thin version of Zhu Xi's doctrine.

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