题名

惡的起源、自我責任與心靈的轉變-以意念(Gesinnung)為中心論康德的根本惡思想

并列篇名

The Origin of Evil, Self-Responsibility and the Change of Heart-On Kant's Thought of Radical Evil Centered on Disposition (Gesinnung)

作者

鍾航(Hang ZHONG)

关键词

康德 ; 根本惡 ; 任性(Willkür) ; 意念(Gesinnung) ; Kant ; Radical Evil ; The Power of Choice (Willkür) ; Disposition (Gesinnung)

期刊名称

哲學與文化

卷期/出版年月

47卷5期(2020 / 05 / 01)

页次

179 - 193

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

惡的起源並不產生於人的感性以及由此產生的自然偏好當中,因為這些偏好與惡沒有直接的關係。康德認為,我們人類的本性中具有一種根本的、生而具有的,但卻是由我們自己給自己招致的惡即根本惡。因此人類自身需要對惡負責。這種根本惡具有一個本體論上的基礎——意念(Gesinnung)。從動機二元論的角度上根本惡可以理解為我們自由的任性(Willkür)在把道德法則和幸福(自愛)納入自己的準則時顛倒了它們之間的道德次序。這些準則的原初主觀根據正是意念,因此要實現從惡到善的轉變,只有通過一場意念上的革命才有可能。

英文摘要

The origin of evil does not come from the sensuous nature of the human being, and the natural inclinations originating from it, because these inclinations are not directly related to evil. According to Kant, our human nature has a primary propensity to evil, but it is not generated from outside but imposed by ourselves, for which Kant identifies as "radical evil". So human being should be responsible for the evil. The radical evil has an ontological foundation - disposition (Gesinnung). From incentives dualism perspective, the radical evil can be explained by our free power of choice (Willkür) that reverses the moral order between moral law and happiness (self-love) when incorporating those two into our maxims. The first subjective ground of the maxims is disposition. So the transformation from evil to good is possible only through a revolution in the disposition.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
参考文献
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