天主教思想中國化：于斌樞機教育理念的跨文化交談進路

The Sinicization of Catholic Thought: Cardinal Paul Yü Pin's Cross-Cultural Approach in Education

何佳瑞(Katia LENEHAN)

天主教教育 ； 三知論 ； 中國化 ； Catholic Education ； The Theory of Three Knowledges ； Sinicization

哲學與文化

47卷6期（2020 / 06 / 01）

39 - 58

繁體中文

于斌所提倡的教育理念是真善美聖，他所說的知識，涉及了知人、知物、知天。為人的整體發展而言，這是一種全人的發展理念。他的教育理想處處可見中華文化的內涵，並且奉行「用福音的精神發揚中華文化」的實踐宗旨。在于斌看來，天主教思想與中華文化之跨文化交流、互動與融合是沒有太大困難的，他有時將兩者比做知己，有時說兩者志同道合。如果遇到了有不足之處，他便相互補充豐富：他認為儒家思想中關於「天」的超越向度研究不夠，就應當加強，藉此把中國人尊天敬天順天應天的精神，與天主教超越神的概念做一個融通。基本上，于斌採取的是異中求同的方法。于斌不同於主張文化異質性的某些當代後現代學者，他不認為文化思想間的交流、融合是不可能的，然而，跨文化的交談必須是有基礎的，真理就是他取捨的判準，他說：「重整道德，從個人身心修養，至於齊家治國平天下，尊天敬神，實現世界大同的理想，是今天站在真理正義立場上的人們的共同目標。」本文嘗試從于斌的教育理論出發，分析其中所蘊含的天主教思想中國化的因素，並進一步說明他所採取之以儒家思想立基的跨文化哲學進路，以及他以真理為憑藉的文化取捨判準，最後，本文指出，于斌面對文化交流時所展現出的一種中正平和、不卑不亢的態度，或可謂其成功實踐天主教思想中國化的一個重要因素。

Cardinal Yü Pin advocated the university's motto of truth, goodness, beauty and holiness. His idea of knowledge is composed of knowledge of persons, of things and of Heaven, which is a holistic idea of education. His educational ideal is permeated with Chinese culture, as he conformed to the aim of ＂carrying forward Chinese culture in the spirit of the Gospels.＂ For him, the cross-cultural communication, interaction and fusion between Catholic thought and Chinese culture is not so difficult, as he used the metaphor of ＂confidants＂ to describe the two that complement and enrich one another. He believed that Confucianism lacked the studies on transcendental ＂heaven＂ and should be reinforced by the Catholic idea of God, which can be reconciled with the Chinese idea of revering, respecting, following and responding to Heaven. Basically, Cardinal Yü Pin sought common ground among differences. Unlike some contemporary post-modern scholars who argue for heterogeneity of cultures, Yü Pin insisted on the possibilities of cross-cultural interflow and fusion. However, cross-cultural dialogues cannot be conducted without a solid foundation, which for him is the truth; as he said, ＂the revival of morality-from self-cultivation, to the harmony of family, nation, and even to that of the world-is the common goal for those who stand for truth and justice.＂ Based on Cardinal Yü Pin's theory of education, this article analyzes his approach to introduce Catholic thought in education. It furtherly explains that this approach is based on Confucian philosophy, and ＂truth＂ for him is the foundation for communications among cultures. Finally, it demonstrates that the key to Cardinal Yü Pin's success in Sinicizing Catholic thought is his impartial and calm attitude toward cultural interflows.

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