康德為什麼反對對兇犯說謊？－基於康德法權論的考察

Why Is Kant Against Lying to A Murderer?-A Study Based on Kant's Doctrine of Right

胡學源(Xueyuan HU)

說謊 ； 真誠 ； 義務 ； 法權論 ； 康德 ； 貢斯當 ； Lie ； Truthfulness ； Duty ； Doctrine of Right ； Kant ； Constant

哲學與文化

47卷7期（2020 / 07 / 01）

161 - 175

繁體中文

在〈論出自人類之愛而說謊的所謂法權〉一文中，康德提出，即便一個兇犯來到我家門口逼問我，我那被其追殺的朋友是否躲在我家中，我也不應該對兇犯說謊。康德在這個問題上的嚴峻主義立場引發了許多爭論。本文旨在結合康德的法權論討論康德強烈反對說謊的原因。康德之所以持有不能對兇犯說謊這樣看似極端的立場，是因為他跳出這一特殊的場合而看到任何形式的不真誠都會傷害人性本身並破壞源始的契約及其效力，從而使一般而言的人性遭受不義、使法權的源泉變得不可用。同時，康德強烈反對任何形式的不真誠的原因還在於他對人類社會現實的擔憂。

In ＂On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy,＂ Kant holds that we should not even lie to a murderer who asks us whether a friend of ours whom he is pursuing has taken refuge in our house. Kant's position has resulted in great controversy over the years. In this paper, I aim to explore the reasons why Kant takes such a rigoristic position against lying based on a study of Kant's doctrine of right. The reason why Kant holds such a seemly extreme view is that he believes any lie would harm humanity generally and make the source of right unusable. Meanwhile, Kant is strongly against any form of untruthfulness because he is worried about the reality of human social conditions.

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