英文摘要
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As a great master of Confucianism in the Han dynasty, Zheng Xuan commented on almost all Confucian classics, and unified and mixed different meanings in different classics. He was also good at calendrical computations, and The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures (Jiuzhang suanshu). However, previous studies paid less attention to his mathematics. Based on the analysis of his commentaries on three ritual books, he quoted Zheng Zhong's commentary to comment on The Nine Numbers (jiu shu), quoted the method of husked and unhusked grains (su mi fa) and the method of the short side and the long side in a right-angle triangle (gou gu shu), so as to imply that The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures was derived from the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli). Zheng Xuan usually mentioned an outline of a procedure or the result of a procedure, but without giving any computational detail of the procedure. He usually used a procedure to eliminate the difference in Confucian classics. He also carried out mathematical procedures in his commentary on the divination books. As a result, his commentary created a textual context to develop mathematics. In the reign of Wang Mang, Liu Xin put forward his idea that mathematics is the foundation of harmonics, metrology and calendars. In the second year of Guanghe (179 CE), the inscriptions of the copper vessel and the copper weight published by the chamberlain for the national treasury (da si nong) established the official authority of Liu Xin's idea and The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures. In the late years of the eastern Han dynasty, there were numerous commentaries on Confucian classics. Rather than Zheng Zhong, Xu Shen and Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan was better at using mathematics and calendrical computations. Therefore, Zheng Xuan had the political and scholarly legitimacies to use The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures in his commentarial works. On the basis of Zheng Xuan's Confucian study, later generation developed the Confucian mathematical methods, which was independent to The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures. However, this development deviated from Zheng Xuan's intention.
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