Humilitas est specialis virtus：多瑪斯如何將「謙卑」構建為一種德行？

Humilitas est specialis virtus: How Did St. Thomas Construct Humility as a Virtue?

楊傑(Jie YANG)

Humilitas ； 謙卑 ； 多瑪斯 ； 德行 ； Humilitas ； Humility ； St. Thomas ； Virtues

哲學與文化

48卷12期（2021 / 12 / 01）

69 - 86

繁體中文

在多瑪斯的德行倫理學中，humilitas（謙卑）確實是一種極為特殊的德行，其特殊之處在於，指涉「神人關係」的謙卑卻被劃歸在了倫理之德的麾下（即謙卑是節制的一個部分）。因而，謙卑有了雙重的身份──它既擁有「神學德行」的要素，又從屬於倫理之德。最終，在多瑪斯的建構之下，謙卑被納入到了亞里斯多德的德行倫理學體系之內，或者說，多瑪斯將一種原本是基督教的典型德行成功地「嫁接」在了亞里斯多德所樹立的德行論體系之上。從更寬泛地意義上講，多瑪斯的humilitas概念告訴我們，亞里斯多德的德行論與基督教的德行論是可能融通的。

Humilitas (humility) is indeed a very special virtue in St. Thomas' virtue ethics. Its particularity lies in the fact that humility, which refers to the relationship between God and man, is placed under the rule of moral virtues (namely, humility is a part of temperance). Humility, therefore, has a dual identity: it possesses elements of theological virtue and simultaneously is subordinated to moral virtue. Finally, under the construction of St. Thomas, humility was incorporated into the system of Aristotle's virtue theory. In other words, St. Thomas has successfully ＂grafted＂ a typical virtue that originally belongs to Christianity onto the system of virtue theory which is established by Aristotle. In a broader sense, St. Thomas, through the concept of humilitas, is telling us that Aristotle's virtue theory and Christian virtue theory can be reconciled.

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