题名

法理論的兩種典範與其相互關聯

并列篇名

On Two Paradigms of Legal Theory and Their Relationship

作者

張嘉尹(Chia-Yin CHANG)

关键词

法哲學 ; 法理論 ; 分析法實證主義 ; 描述性法理學 ; 規範性法理學 ; 典範 ; 系統理論 ; 描述主義 ; 詮釋主義 ; Legal Philosophy ; Legal Theory ; Analytical Legal Positivism ; Descriptive Jurisprudence ; Normative Jurisprudence ; Paradigm ; System Theory ; Descriptivism ; Interpretivism

期刊名称

哲學與文化

卷期/出版年月

49卷2期(2022 / 02 / 01)

页次

29 - 44

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

Hart認為法理論可以是純粹描述性的,而且稱其自己的理論為「描述社會學」,其理論對於當代法理論的重要貢獻之一在於強調規則具有內在面向,根據Hart的看法,法理論可以建立在對於參與者觀點的描述而無須認同其觀點,Dworkin則完全拒斥這種描述主義,Dworkin認為無法清楚劃分法理論與其對於裁判所蘊含的意義,對於Dworkin而言,法理論必然採取內在的、參與者的觀點。這個立場就蘊含著一種「詮釋主義的徹底化」,要將所有的外在陳述都轉化為內在陳述。他認為,描述主義所立基之法的社會學概念,只是一種不精確的分類概念,而且因其不夠精確,不足以提供作為法哲學的法理論為說明的依據。本文認為,Hart立場的弱點可能在於其所採取的描述主義不夠純粹,因為其仍採納事實與規範的區別,這種從屬於法律系統的內部預設。這個理論的不純粹性來自於其詮釋規則內在面向時的模棱兩可。本文認為,一種挽救Hart「描述主義志業」的可能策略,是透過Luhmann的系統理論來將其徹底化,若能採納系統理論對於外部觀察與內部觀察的區分,對於異己描述與自我描述的區分,以及其對於法律系統所具有不同意義的說明,Hart的描述主義就可以獲得其純粹性,但是如此一來,他的理論將面臨喪失其原本對於法律系統功能的困境。然而有一失必有一得,當Hart的法理論成為一種社會學的法理論典範時,就有可能成功的抵禦Dworkin的批評,此時兩種法律系統內的不同法理論典範的關係,就成為不同系統之間法理論典範的關係。

英文摘要

H. L. A. Hart thought that a theory of law can be purely descriptive and called his theory a "descriptive sociology". One of his great contributions to modern legal theory is his emphasis on the internal aspect of social rules. According to him, a theory of law can be built on the basis of the description of the participants' view without sharing with it. This descriptivism is totally rejected by Dworkin, who propagates a theory that denies a sharp separation between a legal theory and its implications for adjudication. For Dworkin, a legal theory is only possible as a theory with "the internal, participants' point of view". Dworkin's position implies a radicalization of legal theory that will transform the statement of an external point of view to that of an internal one. For Dworkin, the descriptivism bases on the sociological concept of law, which is an "imprecise criterial concept" and is "not sufficiently precise to yield philosophically interesting essential features." Hart's position is vulnerable because it takes an impure form of descriptivism that still draws a categorical distinction between fact and norm. This theoretical impurity results from the ambiguity of interpreting the internal aspect of rules. A strategy to rescue the Hart's project is to radicalize his descriptivism with Luhmann's systems theory. Adapting the systems theoretical distinction between internal and external observation of law with all its implications for the explanation of the legal system and legal communications, Hart's descriptivism finally attains its pure form, which is not only a distinctive paradigm of legal theory, but also possesses the potentialities to clarify its relationship to the legal theory based on the internal aspect of law.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
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