園林、文本、物質性：以（清）「避暑山莊詩畫」為例

Garden, Text, Materiality: A Reading of Poems and Paintings on the Summer Resort in Early Qing

楊雅惠(Ya-hui YANG)

物質性 ； 避暑山莊詩畫 ； 康熙 ； 馬國賢 ； 園林 ； Materiality ； Poems and Paintings of the Summer Resort ； Emperor Kangxi ； Ma Guoxian ； Garden

哲學與文化

49卷3期（2022 / 03 / 01）

125 - 146

繁體中文

本文以清初「避暑山莊詩畫」為例，由園林藝術與詩畫文本之「物質性」課題試作考察。首節論避暑山莊的園林設計，是康熙皇帝萬機餘暇，體元感物之情境營造。其次二、三兩節討論詩中兩類觀物方式：1.靜觀萬物：探討如何就自然景觀純粹客觀描繪，由此發現山莊園林的物質性。2.因物引興：探討物質性的召喚力如何促使詩文本之生成，景物如何興發人文意蘊，漢文化比興傳統又如何隱藏其中。第四節考察園林物質性在中國木版畫與西洋銅版畫中的呈現，討論前者何以較傾向中國抒情傳統之下「胸中丘壑」的寫意手法；後者何以反映西方風景畫的寫實表象美學。結語則以宗炳「質有而趣靈」觀點，反思既往「神與物遊」之論述，期能為抒情傳統之研究再開新境。

This paper aims to investigate the ＂materiality＂ in horticulture and poetic and pictorial texts, in taking Poems and Paintings on the Summer Resort in the early Qing as an example of reading. The first part of this paper, focusing on the garden design of the Summer Resort, describes the aesthetic experience through the material world Emperor Kangxi has pursued during his leisure time after working in the court. The second and the third parts of this paper will discuss the two different types of looking at things in the poems. The first type is the way of contemplating things for themselves through which we'll see how the poetic description of the gorgeous scenes in Nature is able to display the material force of the garden. The second type is the way of poetic inspiration through things, by which we'll see how the texts in poems with the sense of humanity have been produced poetically in perceiving the beauty of the things. By contrasting the presentations of garden's materiality in Chinese woodcuts and in Western copper-cuts, the fourth part will examine the lyrical meaning of conveying the beauty of nature through brush in Chinese culture as well as the aesthetics of realistic representation in Western landscape painting. In conclusion, in discussing Zong Bing's thought of seeing mountains and waters as spiritual realization through materiality, this paper rethinks the aesthetic value of ＂spirit wanders with things＂ for opening a new horizon of studying Chinese lyrics tradition.

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