「讓出空間」作為照顧的存有論基礎

"Making Space" as an Ontological Basis for Care

汪文聖(Wen-Sheng WANG)；王岑文(Chen-Wen WANG)

照顧 ； 讓出空間 ； 零的空間 ； 海德格 ； 凱博文 ； 富樫公一 ； Care ； Making Space ； The Space of the Zero ； Martin Heidegger ； Arthur Kleinman ； Koichi Togashi

哲學與文化

50卷3期（2023 / 03 / 01）

27 - 45

繁體中文;英文

本文從當代著名的醫療人類學家凱博文對於自我的生命敘事反省開始，就其具體實例來檢視出他所揭示的存有論的照顧意涵。然後本文從海德格的思想來對此做對照與充實，主要討論的是1.就照顧涉及的「開放性」概念關連到訴求與回應所說明的承受與消除壓力的問題，然後2.從「開放性」到「讓出空間」概念的開展。本文以一些海德格的實例來引出與闡釋「讓出空間」作為照顧的存有論基礎，最後以自體心理學家富樫公一心理治療所具的「讓出空間」意涵做結尾，去呼應著我們從海德格處獲得的照顧意義的啟發。又此照顧的存有論基礎一方面深植於「此有」所置身的「大地存有」，另一方面體現在富樫公一從道家思想得到啟發的心理治療之「零」的空間概念，故可作為以臺灣為立足點而開展的華人照顧哲學的基礎。

This article starts from a reflection of self-life narrative by Arthur Kleinman, a well-known contemporary medical anthropologist, and examines the ontological care implications revealed by his specific examples. Then this article compares and enriches this from Heidegger's thought. The main discussion is 1. The concept "openness" involved in care is related to the problem of bearing and eliminating pressure explained by appeal and response, and then 2. from "openness" to the development of the concept of "making space". This article will use some Heidegger's examples to elicit and explain "making space" as the ontological basis of care. Finally, it will end with the meaning of "making space" in the psychotherapy of self-psychologist Koichi Togashi, to echo the inspiration we get from Heidegger about the meaning of care. Further, on the one hand, the ontological basis of this care is deeply rooted in the "Being of Earth" in which Dasein is placed, and on the other hand, it is reflected in Togashi's psychotherapy with the concept of "the space of 'the zero'" inspired by Taoism. Hence it can be served as the foundation of the philosophy of care for Chinese people based in Taiwan.

1. Heidegger, Martin(1979).Sein und Zeit.Tübingen:Niemeyer.
2. Heidegger, Martin,Boss, M.(Hrsg.)(1994).Zollikoner Seminare.Frankfurt a.M.:Klostermann.
3. Heidegger, Martin,Mayr, Franz(Trans. notes),Askay, Richard(Trans. notes)(2001).Zollikon Seminars.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.
4. 余德慧(1998).詮釋現象心理學.臺北:會形文化事業有限公司.
5. 凱博文, Arthur,王聰霖（譯）(2020).照顧的靈魂.臺北:心靈工坊.
6. 凱博文, Arthur,卓惠（譯）(2020).談病說痛.臺北:心靈工坊.
7. 富樫公一, Koichi(2020).The Psychoanalysis Zero: A Decolonizing Study of Therapeutic Dialogues.New York:Routledge.

1. (2024)。居家安寧照顧中的家：家屬照顧者照顧處境經驗探究。本土心理學研究，61，165-233。
2. (2024)。重度障礙學生照顧哲學之探討與反思。身心障礙研究季刊，22(1)，19-31。