朱熹之《莊子》文本詮釋應用於《四書章句集注》之意義

Zhu Xi's Interpretation and Application of the Text of the Zhuangzi in Relation to the Commentaries of the Four Books

齊婉先(Wan-Hsian CHI)

朱熹 ； 莊子 ； 文本詮釋 ； 《四書》 ； Zhu Xi ； Zhuang Zi ； Textual Interpretation ； Four Books

哲學與文化

50卷7期（2023 / 07 / 01）

21 - 47

繁體中文;英文

朱熹畢其一生精力完成《四書章句集注》，不僅影響後世科考取士極其深遠，而且對於經學與理學融通發展具有指標性意義。朱熹注疏《四書》，乃義理與訓詁並重，既有漢魏以降注疏與時人觀點，亦帶入個人判斷。朱熹雖對莊子論君臣對待之觀點甚不以為然，但並不排斥應用《莊子》作為文獻徵實判斷之參考。依據《四書章句集注》，朱熹數次參考《莊子》作為確立《四書》之字音、字義與人物、事件之參考資料。本文旨在爬梳朱熹應用《莊子》注疏《四書》之實例，分析朱熹以不同方式理解詮釋《莊子》，表現其融合二程莊學詮釋之理解視域，並指出朱熹闡發思想體系所進行經書與子書之文本對話，回應著當時儒學內部進行自省，尋求轉化並與道、釋對話互涉之發展。

Zhu Xi is considered the great synthesizer of the Cheng-Zhu School who played a key role in the development of Song Ming Neo- Confucianism. He was instrumental in establishing Confucian classics which are named Four Books, comprising the Analects of Confucius, the Book of Mencius, the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean. His work entitled Sishu zhangju jizhu was one of his important life achievements. It is not only influential in forming the curriculum of the civil service examination in late Imperial China, but also indicative of the fusion of the Study of Confucian Classics and the Study of Neo-Confucianism in the Confucian tradition. Zhu's commentary on the Four Books emphasizes the interpretation as well as the exegesis of the texts that present earlier annotations from Han dynasty to his time and his ideas and viewpoints. Zhu also used the text of the Zhuangzi as a reference to clarify and solve the exegetical problems in textual, phonetic and semantic aspects; or to identify the historical figures and details of a historical event. This paper examines Zhu's approach to the philosophical interpretation of the Four Books and his actual use of the text of the Zhuangzi in annotations and commentary of the Confucian classics. Some actual annotative cases are given and discussed in this paper as examples to explain Zhu's hermeneutic reading of the text of the Zhuangzi, which present a fusion of earlier commentaries, and his reflection on the textual and contextual relations between the Daoist philosophical writings and the Confucian classics. Zhu's approach is significant as it is in the classical exegesis; moreover it sheds light on how a Neo-Confucian scholar's engagement with a Daoist text in response to solving the philosophical problems that occurred in the transitional development of Neo-Confucianism at his time.

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