超連結文本在網路新聞場域中的使用：一個文化實踐觀點的研究

The Use of Hypertext in Online News: A Cultural Practice-Based Study

10.30386/MCR.201310_(117).0004

郭文平(Win-Ping Kuo)

文化實踐 ； 超連結文本 ； 新聞生產社會學 ； 新聞室常規 ； 網路新聞 ； cultural practice ； hypertext ； newsroom routine ； online journalism ； sociology of news production

新聞學研究

117期（2013 / 10 / 01）

135 - 178

繁體中文

電子超連結文本是區別數位與印刷文本差異的主要特色之一，而在網路新聞環境中，超連結文本也已成為「確立性」特色。本研究透過深度訪談探問超連結文本及其連結如何運用於網路新聞報導。研究發現，超連結文本已是網路新聞的常規性實踐工作，其運用增加了網路新聞附加價值，也成為網路新聞工作者用以表達專業意理認知及論述的科技符號。超連結文本同時也重構了新聞組織內外部政治經濟勢力，造就一種「迴路式超連結文本」結構，成為增進新聞組織商業利益的工具。

Electronic hypertext is a feature that facilitates discriminating digital text from print media. This study examined how electronic hypertext is adopted in contemporary online news. Through in-depth interviews of 15 Taiwanese online-news professionals, this study determined that hypertext is used in digital news reports as an added element in the everyday practice of news production. However, hypertext is often used to indicate an online journalist's professional ideologies, thus promoting the concept of reflexivity of professional identity. Nevertheless, in the online news business, most hypertext is produced in the context of an organization's political philosophy. Hypertext is currently regarded as technological tool to facilitate restructuring the existing political and commercial climates, and to gain profit in a circulating model of hypertext structure for the news company.

1. 尤美琪(2002)。超文本的歧路花園：後現代簽高原上的遊牧民族。資訊社會研究，2，1-28。
   連結：
2. Barthes, R.、屠友祥譯(2004)。S/Z。台北:桂冠。
3. Benson, R.(ed.),Neveu, E.(ed.)(2005).Bourdieu and the jounalistic field.Cambridge, UK:Polity Press.
4. Boczkowski, P.(2004).Digitizing the news: Innovation in online newspaper.New Baskerville, MA:The MIT Press.
5. Castells, M.(1996).The rise of information society.Oxford, UK:Blackwell Publishers.
6. Cohen, E. L.(2002).Online journalism as market-driven journalism.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,46(4),532-548.
7. Couldry, N.(2010).Theorising media as practice.Theorising media and practice,Oxford, UK:
8. Couldry, N.(2004).Theorising media as practice.Social Semeotics,14(2),115-132.
9. De Maeyer, J.(2011).Journalism and hyperlinks: Where do they connect?.the Future of Journalism Conference,Cardiff, UK:
10. De Maeyer, J.(2012).The journalistic hyperlink: Perspective discourse about linking in online news.Journalism Practice,6(5-6),1-10.
11. Deuze, M.(1998).The WebCommunicators: Issues in research into online journalism and journalists.First Monday, Online Serial,3(12)
12. Deuze, M.(2001).Online journalism: Modelling the first generation of news media on the world wide web.First Monday,10(6)
13. Deuze, M.(2003).The web and its journalisms: Considering the consequences of different types of newsmedia online.New Media Society,5(2),203-230.
14. Deuze, M.(1999).Journalism and the web: An analysis of skills and standards in an online environment.Gazette,61(5),373-390.
15. Deuze, M.,Neuberger, C.,Paulussen, S.(2004).Journalism education and online journalists in Belgium, Germany, and The Netherlands.Journalism Studies,5(1),19-29.
16. Dimitrova, D. V.,Neznanski, M.(2006).Online journalism and the war in cyberspace: A comparison between U.S. and international newspapers.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,12(1),248-263.
17. Domingo, D.(2006).Bellaterra,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
18. Domingo, D.(ed.),Paterson, C. A.(ed.)(2011).Making online news: Newsroom ethnographies in the second decades of internet journlaism.New York, NY:Peter Lang.
19. Engebretsen, M.(1997).Hyper-news: Revolution or contradiction?.Proceeeding of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext
20. Fishman, M.(1982).Manufacting the news.Austin, TX:University of Texas Press.
21. Foucault, M.(1972).The archaeology of knowledge.London, UK:Tavistock Publications.
22. Gans, H.(1979).Deciding what's news.London, UK:Constable.
23. Gitlin, T.(1980).The whole world is watching.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.
24. Golding, P.,Elliot, P.(1979).Making the news.London, UK:Longman Group Limited.
25. Gray, A.(2003).Research practice for cultural studies.London, UK:Sage Publications.
26. Hall, J.(2001).Online journalism: A critical primer.London, UK:Pluto Press.
27. Hall, S.,Critcher, C.,Jefferson, T.,Clarke, J.,Robert, B.(1978).Policing the crisis.London, UK:Macmillan.
28. Harrison, Claire(2002).Hypertext links: Whither thou goest, and why.First Monday,7(10)
29. Highmore, B.(ed.)(1989).The everyday life reader.London, UK:Routledge.
30. Hine, C.(ed.)(2005).Virtual methods: Issues in social research on the internet.Oxford, UK:Berg.
31. Huesca, Robert(2000).Reinventing journalism curricula for the electronic environment.Journalism & Communication Educator,55(2),4-15.
32. Jankoswki, N. W.,Van Selm, M.(2000).Traditional news online: An examination of added values.Communications,25(1),85-101.
33. Jensen, K.(ed.)(2002).A handbook of media and communication research: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies.London, UK:Routledge.
34. Karlsson, M.(2011).The immediacy of online news, the visibility of journalistic processes and a restructuring of journalistic authority.Journalism,12(3),279-295.
35. Kitzmann, A.(2006).Hypertext handbook: The straight story.New York, NY:Peter Lang.
36. Landow, G. P.(1997).Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of contemporary critical theory and technology.Baltimore, MD:The John Hopkins University Press.
37. Larrondo Ureta, A.(2010).The potential of web-only feature stories.Journalism Studies,12(2),188-204.
38. Lévy, P.(2001).Cyberculture.Minneapolis, MN:University of Minnesota Press.
39. Lim, J.(2011).The mythological status of the immediacy of the most important online news.Journalism Studies,13(1),71-89.
40. Oblak, T.(2005).The lack of interectivity and hypertectuality in online media.Gazette: The International Journal for Communication Studies,6(7),87-106.
41. Park, H. W.,Thelwall, M.(2003).Hyperlink analysis of the world wide web: A review.JCMC,8(4)
42. Pavlik, J. V.(2001).Journalism and new media.New York, NY:Columbia University Press.
43. Reckwitz, A.(2002).Toward a theory of social practices: A development in culturalist theorizing.European Journal of Social Theory,5(2),243-263.
44. Rost, A.(2002).The concept of hypertext in digital journalism.International Association for Media and Communication Research,Barcelona, Spain:
45. Schatzki, T. R.,Centina, K. K.,Von Savigny, E.(2001).The practice turn in contemporary theory.London, UK:Routledge.
46. Schudson, M.(1989).The sociology of news production.Media, Culture & Society,11,263-282.
47. Scott, B.(2005).A contemporary history of digital journalism.Television & New Media,6(1),89-126.
48. Singer, J. B.(1998).Online journalists: Foundations for research into their changing roles.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,4(1)
49. Soloski, J.(1989).News reporting and professionalism: Some constraints on the reporting of the news.Media, Culture & Society,11(2),207-228.
50. Swidler, A.(2001).What anchors cultural practices.The practice turn in contemporary theory,London, UK:
51. Tuchman, G.(1973).Making news by doing work: Routinizing the unexpected.American Journal of Sociology,79(1),110-131.
52. Tuchman, G.(1972).Objectivity as stratrgic ritual: An examination of newsmen's notions of objectivity.American Journal of Sociology,77(4),660-679.
53. Turow, J.(ed.),Tsui, L.(ed.)(2008).The hyperlinked society: Questioning connections in the digital age.Ann Arbor, MI:University of Michigan Press.
54. Williams, R.(1961).The long revolution.Harmondsworth, UK:Penguin.
55. Wodak, R.(ed.),Meyer, M.(ed.)(2009).Methods of critical discourse analysis.London, UK:SAGE Publications.
56. 羅鳳珠編(2004)。語言，文學與資訊。新竹:清華大學。

1. 陳雅惠(2018)。懶人包超文本敘事設計分析：順序與結構元素的討論。中華傳播學刊，34，81-117。
2. 陳雅惠(2019)。新聞網摘型懶人包超文本敘事新方向初探。資訊社會研究，37，87-119。
3. 郭文平(2014)。我們即是我們和誰連結？社會文化觀點的超連結文本研究主題建構與研究方法的挑戰。傳播研究與實踐，4(1)，45-65。
4. 王淑美(2018)。網路速度與新聞－轉變中的記者時間實踐及價值反思。中華傳播學刊，33，65-98。