建築基礎開挖崩坍事故之分析

Analysis of Collapse Accident of Excavation Construction of Building Foundation

10.6377/JA.200609.0181

潘南飛(Nang-Fei Pan)

基礎開挖 ； 崩坍事故 ； 安全評估 ； 失誤樹分析 ； 層級分析法 ； Foundation excavation ； collapse accident ； safety assessment ； FTA ； AHP

建築學報

57期（2006 / 09 / 28）

181 - 203

繁體中文

近年來國內營建工程安全事故發生頻傳，其不僅危及施工人員與公共的安全，且對工期的延宕、成本的增加及承包商之信譽，均具嚴重的不良影響。失誤樹分析(FTA)是一種廣為工業界認同可有效地分析事故之因果關係與發生機率的技術。然而，由於事故發生的歷史資料缺乏，以及事故發生的肇因中，例如人為錯誤，多具含糊性，因此難以準確地估計出事件的發生機率，此為失誤樹在應用上最主要的限制；而模糊集(FS)為處理此類問題的良好方法。此外，基於層級分析法(AHP)為常用以分析因子間相對重要度（頻率）之方法，故本文提出－結合FTA、FS及AHP之分析模式，用以評估擋土開挖事故的失誤率。為驗證模式的有效性與實用性，本文以高雄市建築物擋土開挖發生崩坍的事故為案例進行探討。結果驗證了本模式可作為一種新的安全評估技術，用以協助安全管理人員有效地分析擋土崩坍事故之發生。

Numerous accidents related to excavation of building foundations occurred during recent years, which not only endangered the construction worker and the public, but also had severe adverse impacts on project delay, cost overrun and contractor's reputation. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), a widely recognized technique for industry safety, can effectively evaluate cause-and-effect relationship and accident probability. However, the major restriction for using FTA is that it's difficult to accurately assess accident probability when historical data are insufficient and factors such as human error are vague in nature. On the other hand, Fuzzy Sets (FS) can be used to cope with this problem. In addition, because Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a commonly used approach to analyze relative importance (frequency) of each paired factor, this paper proposes an analytical model integrated with FTA, FS and AHP to assess the probability of collapse accident of excavation construction. A case study of the building excavation in Kaohsiung city is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of this model. The results show that this model can be a new technique that assists safety managers to effectively assess collapse accident during excavation construction.

1. Pan, N. F.,Tserng, H. P.,Lu, S.L.(2005).Quality control using fuzzy fault tree analysis.Journal of Architecture,52,1-17.
   連結：
2. 潘南飛、曾惠斌、呂淑鈴(2005)。模糊失誤樹分析在品質管制之應用。建築學報
   連結：
3. Chang, Y. T.,Hwang, H. C.(1990).Identification and evaluation of hazards during chemical manufacture process.J. Chemical Engineering,37(5),109-123.
4. Chen, S. J.,Hwang, C. L.(1992).Fuzzy multiple attribute decision making methods and applications
5. Chen, S. J.,Hwang, C. L.(1992).Fuzzy multiple attribute decision making methods and applications.
6. Cheng, M. Y.,Chang, C. H.(2001).Expert decision system for safe surveillance of excavation.Journal of Technology for Civil Engineering,41(1),67-88.
7. Dubois, D.,Prade, H.(1979).Fuzzy real algebra: Some results.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,2,327-348.
8. Faber, M. H.,Stewart, M. G.(2003).Risk assessment for civil engineering facilities: critical overview and discussion.Reliability Engineering and System Safety,80,173-184.
9. Griffin, C. W.(1973).Fault tree as a safety optimization design tool.IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,64-83.
10. Lee, W. S.,Grosh, D. L.,Tillman, F. A.,Lie, C. H.(1985).Fault tree analysis, methods, and applications-a review.IEEE Transactions on Reliability,34(3),194-203.
11. Lin, Y. H.(1985).Practices of planning and checking of excavation activities.Modern Construction,66,36-50.
12. Office of Building Administration,Kaohsiung City Government(2004).Records for the damages of adjacent building during constructions.
13. Ogunlana, S. O.,Tabucanon, M. T.,Dey, P.(1993).A methodology for project control through risk analysis: the case of a pipeline project.Engineering Management Conference
14. Ogunlana, S.O.,Tabucanon, M.T.,Dey, P.(1993).A methodology for project control through risk analysis: the case of a pipeline project.Engineering Management Conference
15. Onisawa, T.(1991).Fuzzy reliability assessment considering the influence of many factors on reliability.International Journal of Approximate Reasoning,5,265-280.
16. Pan, N. F.(2005).Assessment of fault rate for engineering quality.Journal of Chinese Architectural Technology,1(1),47-54.
17. Pan, N. F.(2003).Evaluations of ecological slope methods using fuzzy AHP.Journal of Chinese Architecture,25-34.
18. Pan, N. F.(2004).The use of FTA for bridge safety management.Proceedings of the 4th KUAS Academic Symposium,123-126.
19. Pan, N. F.,Hadipriono, F. C.,Duane, J.W.(2001).Assessing Reliability of Construction Systems using Failure Possibilities.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology
20. Pan, N. F.,Hadipriono, F. C.,Duane, J.W.(2004).Assessing Reliability of Construction Systems using Failure Possibilities.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology
21. Ross, T. J.(1996).Fuzzy logic paradigm for fault trees and event trees in risk assessment.Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering.
22. Ross, T. J.(1996).Fuzzy logic paradigm for fault trees and event trees in risk assessment.Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings.
23. Saaty, T. L.(1980).The Analytic Hierarchy Process.New York:McGraw-Hill.
24. Saaty, T. L.(1980).The Analytic Hierarchy Process
25. Saaty, T. L.(1980).The Analytic Hierarchy Process
26. Saaty, T.L.(1980).The Analytic Hierarchy Process.McGraw-Hill.
27. Sheng, M. S.(2003).Mitigation Techniques in Construction Engineering-applications to foundation construction.
28. Singer, D.(1990).A fuzzy set approach to fault tree and reliability analysis.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,34,145-155.
29. Sugeno, M.(1977).Fuzzy measures and fuzzy integers-a survey.Fuzzy Automation and Decision Processes
30. Tseng, P. Y..A study of transportation facilities planning in the station area of MRT.Master thesis, Institute of Traffic and Transportation
31. Tzeng, G. H.,Teng, J. Y.(1999).The characteristics and applications of AHP.Journal of the Chinese Statistics,6,5-22.
32. Vadiee, N.(1993).Fuzzy rule-based expert systems-Fuzzy logic and control: software and hardware applications.Prentice Hall.
33. 沈茂松(2003)。營建工程防災技術－基礎施工篇。台北:文笙書局。
34. 林耀煌(1985)。開挖擋土作業之計劃與施工檢查實務。現代營建，63，36-50。
35. 高雄市政府建管處(2004)。建築工程施工中損壞鄰房登記資料表。
36. 張玨庭、黃合泉(1993)。化工製程危害性鑑認分析與評估。化工，37(5)，109-123。
37. 曾平毅(1987)。國立交通大學交通運輸工程研究所碩士論文。
38. 潘南飛(2004)。失誤樹分析應用於橋樑安全管理之研究。第四屆高雄應用科大學術研討會，高雄:
39. 潘南飛(2003)。模糊層級分析法用於生態邊坡工法之評選。中華建築學刊，25-34。
40. 潘南飛(2005)。營建工程品質缺失率之估計。中華建築技術學刊，1(1)，47-54。
41. 鄭明淵、張志宏(2001)。擋土開挖安全監測專家決策支援系統。土木技術，4(1)，67-88。
42. 鄧振源、曾國雄(1989)。層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用（上）。中國統計學報，27(6)，5-22。