通用設計概念應用於大學校園開放空間評價之研究

Application of Universal Design Concept for Evaluating University Campus Open Space

10.3966/101632122014120090006

王維民(Wei-Ming Wang)；彭立沛(Li-Pei Peng)；陳楚翹(Chu-Chiao Chen)

通用設計 ； 大學校園 ； 開放空間 ； 模糊德爾菲法 ； Universal Design ； University Campus ； Open Space ； Fuzzy Delphi Method

建築學報

90期（2014 / 12 / 01）

91 - 111

繁體中文

大學校園開放空間是構成現代大學重要的元素；然而，過去大學校園規劃卻多側重於建築與工程的硬體建設，校園開放空間僅被視為建築配置後的剩餘物，而欠缺整體環境發展與使用者互動之考量。通用設計是一為能創造最多數人使用、以促進使用者與環境友善互動的泛用式設計概念，而為相關規劃設計領域所廣泛應用。然因通用設計概念於應用時，多依賴於主觀感受認知的優先次序，故本研究主張當以通用設計概念應用於大學校園開放空間規劃設計時，應先建立一客觀整體評價模式以資依循。是以本研究先行藉由相關文獻回顧整合通用設計概念應用於大學校園開放空間規劃設計時的五大影響構面，包括：建設性、人性化、安全性、效益性和永續性，同時並彙整出構面下所涵蓋之51項可能影響因子。而後再透過模糊德爾菲法篩選出15項確切的評價準則與整併待評價的開放空間集合建立起整體評價架構；後續進一步援引產品性能計畫評價法進行個案對象之實際驗證。研究結果不僅能將實證案例現況之優劣具體評比呈現、以作為後續管理改善的依循基礎；整體評價模式也可作為未來相關大學校園規劃設計與評價時之參考。

Campus open space is an important component of a modern university. University campus planning frequently emphasize hardware constructions so that these open spaces have been empty spaces after the plan is drawn up and treated as on comprehensive environmental developments with little consideration of the interactions among users. Universal design is an approach to creating usability by all people to the greatest extent possible in order to intensify friendly interactions among users and environments for planning and design disciplines. However, because application of universal design concepts mostly relies on subjective perceptions for priority evaluations, this paper claims a need for establishing an objective and comprehensive evaluation for planning and design in terms of university campus open spaces. Therefore, this paper integrated universal design principles concerning university campus open spaces through review of the literature, and generalized five major dimensions: constructiveness, humanity, security, availability and sustainability, comprising 51 possible influential factors. The Fuzzy Delphi method was applied to extract 15 explicit criteria in order to establish a comprehensive evaluation. The product performance program method was then adopted to examine the practical evaluation on an empirical case. The results show that the evaluation could be not only to the advantage of management improvement in the empirical campus, but to be a reference for evaluating university campus planning and design in the future.

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