以價值為基礎的古蹟管理維護計畫架構：臺灣、澳大利亞與英國之比較研究

Values-Based on Structure of the Conservation Management Plans of Cultural Heritage: Lessons from Taiwan, United Kingdom and the Australia

10.3966/101632122017030099006

榮芳杰(Fang-Jay Rong)

文化資產 ； 管理維護計畫 ； 價值 ； 重大意義 ； 世界遺產 ； 古蹟 ； Cultural Heritage ； Conservation Management Plan (CMP) ； Value ； Significance ； World Heritage ； Scheduled Monument

建築學報

99期（2017 / 03 / 31）

97 - 121

繁體中文

近年來，古蹟遭受各種破壞與威脅的事件時有所聞，這些無論是人為或自然因子所造成的衝擊，都促使古蹟的管理維護工作成為目前政府部門亟欲加強的文化政策之一。臺灣自2005 年頒布「古蹟管理維護辦法」以來，政府部門開始要求各古蹟管理單位提出管理維護計畫供主管機關備查。然而，臺灣「古蹟管理維護計畫」的內容從計畫擬定、執行、評估與修正的過程似乎未能發揮管理維護計畫本身的預期效益。因此，本研究以跨國比較研究的方法，收集臺灣、澳大利亞與英國等三個國家的古蹟管理維護計畫的文本，以及計畫執行流程，並且從文化遺產管理維護計畫的理論架構出發，探討臺灣、澳大利亞與英國等三個國家對於古蹟管理維護計畫架構的擬定制度存在著何種差異？研究結果發現文化遺產價值的詮釋以及文化重大意義（cultural significance）的基礎論述是計畫擬定過程中的首要工作，但維繫其遺產價值與重大意義存在的邏輯過程與管理目標才是整個計畫的核心關鍵。由於國內過去少有針對「管理維護計畫」的結構內容進行比較研究的討論，本研究之結果將可以提供臺灣未來在古蹟管理維護實務工作之參考。

In recent years, events of cultural heritage suffering from destruction and threats continues to be reported, whether they are caused by human or natural factors, the aftermath has prompted the conservation management of cultural heritage to become one of the crucial cultural policy to be strengthened in the government sector. Since the establishment of the ＂Regulations for Maintenance Plan of Monument＂ in 2005 in Taiwan, the government has begun to require all monument management units to propose a maintenance and management plan of the authority for future reference. However, Taiwan's maintenance plan of monument does not seem to be achieving the expected benefits and effects throughout the planning, execution, assessment and amendment process of a conservation management project. Therefore, this research implements a multinational comparative approach, of which includes the assembling of an extensive collection of conservation management plans for cultural heritage in text as well as their operation plans. From the basis of theoretical framework of Conservation Management Plan for Cultural Heritage, this research aims to discover the differences in the formulation of regulation between Taiwan, Australia and the U.K. The Key findings are that interpretation of value in cultural heritage and discourse in cultural significance are the primary elements in plan making; however, the execution process and assessment mechanism is the most critical aspect in the success of a conservation management plan. As there are very few discussions specifically focused on the structure of conservation management plans in Taiwan, the result of this research could act as a reference for future cultural heritage conservation management work of Taiwan.

1. 榮芳杰（2015）。遺產組織未來的經費：遺產與文化組織的選項。引用於 2016 年 3 月 23 日，取自http://www.ncafroc.org.tw/Upload/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%83%85%E8%92%90%E5%B0%88%E6%A1%88_%E5%B0%88%E6%96%87%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%A9%95%E6%9E%90.pdf。Rong, F. J. (2015). Future Funding Of Heritage Organizations: Options For Heritage And Cultural Organization. Retrieved Mar. 23, 2016 from http://www.ncafroc.org.tw/Upload/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%83%85%E8%92%90%E5%B0%88%E6%A1%88_%E5%B0%88%E6%96%87%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%A9%95%E6%9E%90.pdf.
2. Clark, K. (1999). Conservation Plans: A guide for the perplexed. Retrieved Mar. 23, 2016 from http://ip51.icomos.org/~fleblanc/documents/management/doc_ConservationPlans-Questions.pdf.
3. Battaini-Dragoni, G.(Ed.)(2005).Guidance on Heritage Assessment: Our Cultural Diversity is What Unites Us.Strasbourg:Council of Europe.
4. Clark, K.(1998).Conservation plans: A guide for the perplexed.Contex,57
5. Clark. K.(2014).Values-based heritage management and the Heritage Lottery Fund in the UK.APT Bulletin: The Journal of Preservation Technology,45(2-3),65-71.
6. Cullingworth, B.,Nadin, V.(2002).Town and Country Planning in the UK.London, UK:Routledge.
7. Fairclough, G.(Ed.),Harrison, R.(Ed.),Schofield, J.(Ed.),Jameson, J. H.(Ed.)(2008).The Heritage Reader.London, UK:Routledge.
8. Feilden, B. M.,Jokilehto, J.(1998).Management Guidelines for World Cultural Heritage Sites.Rome:Ograro.
9. Forsyth, M.(Ed.)(2007).Understanding Historic Building Conservation.Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
10. Kalman, H.(2014).Heritage Planning: Principles and Process.NY, USA:Routledge.
11. Kammeier, H.D.(2009).Managing cultural and natural heritage resources: Part II - A proposed management tool.City & Time,4(2),1-12.
12. Kerr, S. J.(2013).The Conservation Plan: A Guide to the Preparation of Conservation Plans for Places of European Cultural Significance.Sydney, AU:National Trust of Australia.
13. Pearson, M.,Sullivan, S.(1995).Looking After Heritage Places: The Basics of Heritage Planning for Managers, Landowners and Administrators.Calton, AU:Melbourne University Press.
14. Torre, M. d. l.,MacLean, M. G. H.,Mason, R.,Myers, D.(2005).Heritage Values in Site Management: Four Case Studies.CA, USA:The Getty Conservation Institute.
15. 莊芳榮(1983)。古蹟管理與維護。台北市=Taipei:台灣學生書局=Student Book Co., Ltd.。
16. 趙文傑編、李文玲編(1993)。古蹟管理維護論述專輯（壹）。台北市=Taipei:內政部=Ministry of the Interior。
17. 薛琴(2000)。桃園縣古蹟日常管理維護手冊。桃園縣=Taoyuan County:桃園縣政府文化局=Cultural Affairs Bureau, Taoyuan County Government.。
18. 薛琴(2012)。古蹟與歷史建築日常管理維護手冊。台中市=Taichung:文化部文化資產局=Bureau of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture。
19. 薛琴、張朝博(2011)。古蹟管理維護辦法修訂之研究。中華民國建築學會第二十三屆第一次建築研究成果發表會論文集（23-1 期），台北市=Taipei:

1. 蔡伯健,范振德,周玟君,李豪,王晨瑜(2023)。紮根理論建構臺中市定古蹟聚奎居原生態創新經營模式。休閒產業管理學刊，16(1)，1-26。
2. 榮芳杰(2017)。文化資產維護計畫的濫觴：評介詹姆士‧ 克爾《維護計畫：具歐洲重要文化意義場所的維護計畫準備工作指南》。文化資產保存學刊，42，93-105。
3. 榮芳杰,黃心蓉,陳思廷,吳秉聾(2019)。臺灣當前推動文化資產信託業務的幾點芻議。文化資產保存學刊，50，7-30。