中國東北農村菜窖的生態智慧、場所精神及多元價值之研究

Exploring the Ecological Wisdom, Genius Loci, and Multiple Values of Vegetable Cellars in the Rural Villages of Northeast China

10.3966/101632122017060100010

吳綱立(Kang-Li Wu)；金夢(Meng Jin)

鄉土建築 ； 鄉土景觀 ； 菜窖 ； 生態智慧 ； 場所精神 ； Vernacular Architecture ； Vernacular Landscape ； Vegetable Cellars ； Ecological Wisdom ； Genius Loci

建築學報

101期（2017 / 09 / 30）

161 - 184

繁體中文

加強鄉土建築與鄉土景觀的保存維護是當前重要的研究課題，在快速都市化及全球化的趨勢下，許多具地域性特色的鄉土建築或鄉土景觀卻正在消逝之中，中國東北農村的傳統菜窖即是一例。這些居民與環境長期互動所產出的文化地景，不僅連繫著居民與土地之間的情感，也反映出在地化的生態智慧與場所精神；然而，隨著都市化的腳步，這些特色與價值卻逐漸被世人所遺忘。有鑒於此困境，本研究以中國東北農村菜窖為例，藉由個案分析、田野調查、深度訪談及模糊語意問卷調查等研究方法的綜合應用，嘗試系統性地探討中國東北農村菜窖的建築形式與功能，以及形式背後所蘊含的生態智慧、場所精神及多元價值。經由實例分析，本研究發現，東北菜窖不僅具有順應環境與氣候、就地取材、節約土地資源、食物自然保存、節約能源、資源循環利用、因應環境而調適等生態智慧與價值，也具有維繫農村文化傳承及集體生活記憶的文化價值，同時亦是形塑農村居民對土地之認同感與歸屬感的空間元素。這種「尊重自然」和「道法自然」的在地化空間營造行為所呈現出的生態智慧及場所精神，在當前中國普遍強調「大而美」及「科技萬能」的城鎮化發展趨勢下，應可提供一些值得省思之處。

Enhancing the preservation of vernacular architecture and landscape has become an important research issue. Given the trend of rapid urbanization and globalization, many vernacular architecture and landscape that possess regional identity are vanishing from the earth, and the vegetable cellars of northeast China is one of them. This kind of cultural landscape, created by the long-term interactions between local residents and the environment, represent not only special feelings toward ＂Land＂, but also certain ecological wisdom and Genius Loci (Spirit of Place) in design. However, with the trend of urbanization, these characters and values have been gradually ignored by the public. In view of the dilemma, this research attempts to explore the ecological wisdom, Genius Loci, and the multiple values associated with vernacular architecture and landscape, by using the vegetable cellars of northeast China as an empirical case. By incorporating research methods involving case studies, field survey, in-depth interviews, fuzzy questionnaire survey, this study systematically explores the ecological wisdom, Genius Loci, and multiple values associated with the vegetable cellars of northeast China. After our research investigation, the result reveals that the vegetable cellars of China possess some unique values and ecological wisdoms: design with nature and climate, utilize local materials, saving land resources, natural preservation of food, saving energy, recycling of resources, dynamic adjustment with environmental changes as well as maintaining historical and cultural inheritance and preserving collective memory of traditional villages. The study also finds that these vegetable cellars help shape the identity and belonging of land. This kind of ecological wisdom and Genius Loci generated from local self-building behaviors which advocate the concepts of ＂respect the nature＂ and ＂design with nature＂ providing us with useful lessons in dealing with the problematic planning model of China that emphasizes ＂Big is Beautiful＂ and ＂Technology is Everything.＂

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