都市地區行人風環境之CFD模擬與風洞實驗比對研究

Simulation of Pedestrian Wind in Urban Area with CFD-Comparison with Wind Tunnel Experiments

10.3966/101632122018030103002

方富民(Fuh-Min Fang)；陳瑞鈴(Jui-Ling Chen)；黎益肇(Yi-Chao Li)；陳建忠(Chien-Jung Chen)；郭建源(Chien-Yuan Kuo)

計算流體力學 ； 風洞試驗 ； 行人風環境 ； Computational Fluid Dynamics ； Wind Tunnel Experiments ； Pedestrian Wind Environment

建築學報

103期（2018 / 03 / 30）

17 - 34

繁體中文

高樓建築物在地面會造成局部風場加速的現象與行人風環境的改變，影響行人及低樓層建築使用者的安全性及舒適性問題，進而影響行人在此區域活動之舒適性甚至於危害行人的安全，因此對於新建高層建築的行人風場環境評估已是設計時的必要條件。本研究經由兩組都市地區CFD風環境模擬並與風洞實驗做比對，並參考國外相關研究與模擬準則，探討以CFD模擬都市地區風環境之可靠度。雖然數值模擬部分結果有低估的現象，但其結果與實驗值呈現良好的線性相關。如經過適當修正後，導入合理的風環境舒適度評估準則，數值模擬更可成為評估行人環境風場的良好工具。

The existence of high-rise buildings can cause acceleration of near-ground wind and changes the local pedestrian wind environment, leading to influence of pedestrian comfortability and even human safety. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the pedestrian wind environment at the design stage of high-rise buildings. In the study, CFD was adopted to simulate pedestrian wind flows in two urban areas and the predictions were compared with the wind tunnel experiment results. The reliability of the CFD predictions of urban pedestrian wind was further assessed according to foreigner related studies and simulation criteria. It was found that although some the predictions were underestimated, the results were in reasonable linear correlation with the experimental data. After appropriate corrections and introduce the reasonable pedestrian wind comfort assessment criteria, it is expected that numerical simulation would become a good tool to assess the pedestrian wind environment.

1. 林君娟、謝俊民、程琬鈺(2010)。建立都市住宅風環境舒適度指標與改善策略評估─以台南市大林住宅都市更新地區為例。建築與規劃學報，11(3)，221-242。
   連結：
2. 林憲德、郭曉青、李魁鵬、陳子謙、陳冠廷(2001)。台灣海岸型城市之都市熱島現象與改善對策解析─以台南、高雄及新竹為例。都市與計劃，28(3)，323-341。
   連結：
3. 邱英浩、吳孟芳、譚政泓(2008)。不同街谷形式對都市風場之影響。建築與規劃學報，9(2)，141-165。
   連結：
4. 郭建源、曾俊達、何明錦、黎益肇(2016)。以受風感受試驗建立高層建築行人風場評估準則之研究。建築學報，95，75-86。
   連結：
5. AIJ-GWE (2007). AIJ Guidebook for Practical Applications of CFD to Pedestrian Wind Environment around Buildings, Available at: http://www.aij.or.jp/jpn/publish/cfdguide/index_e.htm.
6. AIJ-GWL(2005).,Japan:Architectural Institute of Japan.
7. Blocken, B.,Gualtieri, C.(2012).Ten Iterative Steps for Model Development and Evaluation Applied to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Environmental Fluid Mechanics.Environmental Modelling and Software,33,1-22.
8. Blocken, B.,Janssen, W. D.,van Hooff, T.(2012).CFD Simulation for Pedestrian Wind Comfort and Wind Safety in Urban Areas: General Decision Framework and Case Study for the Eindhoven University campus.Environmental Modelling and Software,30,15-34.
9. Casey, M.,Wintergerste, T.(2000).Best Practice Guidelines.Brussels:ERCOFTAC Special Interest Group on Quality and Trust in Industrial CFD, ERCOFTAC.
10. Franke, J.(Ed.),Hellsten, A.(Ed.),Schlünzen, H.(Ed.),Carissimo, B.(Ed.)(2007).Best Practice Guideline for The CFD Simulation of Flows in The Urban Environment.COST Office Brussels.
11. Franke, J.,Hellsten, A.,Schlünzen, H.,Carissimo, B.(2011).The COST 732 best practice guideline for CFD simulation of flows in the urban environment - A summary.International Journal of Environmental Pollution,44(1-4),419-427.
12. Franke, J.,Hirsch, C.,Jensen, A. G.,Krüs, H. W.,Schatzmann, M.,Westbury, P. S.,Miles, S. D.,Wisse, J. A.,Wright, N. G.(2004).Recommendations on the Use of CFD in Wind Engineering.COST Action C14, Impact of Wind and Storm on City Life Built Environment. Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Wind Engineering and Building Aerodynamics,Belgium:
13. Irwin, H. P. A. H.(1981).A Simple Omnidirectional Sensor for Wind-Tunnel Studies of Pedestrian-Level Winds.Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,7,219-239.
14. Murakmi, S.,Iwasa, Y.,Morikawa, Y.(1986).Study on Acceptable Criteria for Assessing Wind Environment Ground Level Based on Residents' Diaries.J. of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,24,1-18.
15. Shiau, B. S.,Tsai, B. J.(2009).Wind tunnel measurement and assessment on the pedestrian wind environment - a case study of Jinying high rise building in Taipei, Taiwan.10th International Conference on Fluid Control, Measurements, and Visualization,Moscow:
16. Stathopoulos, T.,Wu, H.,Bedard, C.(1992).Wind environment around buildings: A knowledge-based approach.Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,41-44,2377-2388.
17. Tamura, Y.,Van, P. P.(2015).Development of CFD and applications: monologue by a non-CFD-expert.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,144,3-13.
18. Tominaga, Y.,Mochida, A.,Yoshie, R.,Kataoka, H.,Nozu, T.,Yoshikawa, M.,Shirasawa, T.(2008).AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings.Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics,96,1749-1761.
19. Yoshie, R.,Mochida, A.,Tominaga, Y.,Kataoka, H.,Harimoto, K.,Nozu, T.,Shirasawa, T.(2005).Cooperative project for CFD prediction of pedestrian wind environment in the Architectural Institute of Japan.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,95,1551-1578.
20. 丁育群、朱佳仁(2000)。內政部建築研究所研究報告內政部建築研究所研究報告,新北市=New Taipei City:內政部建築研究所=Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior。
21. 方富民、黎益肇(2016)。內政部建築研究所研究報告內政部建築研究所研究報告,新北市=New Taipei City:內政部建築研究所=Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior。
22. 朱佳仁(2006)。風工程概論。台北市=Taipei, Taiwan:科技圖書公司=Techbook。
23. 林金賢(2011)。新北市=New Taipei City，淡江大學水資源及環境工程所=Tamkang University。
24. 張正興、鄭啟明、吳重成、潘家銘(2006)。以實場量測方式建立行人環境風場之舒適度評估標準。結構工程，21(2)，73-81。
25. 鄭元良、何友鋒(2010)。內政部建築研究所研究報告內政部建築研究所研究報告,新北市=New Taipei City:內政部建築研究所=Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior。