街道尺度與建築配置對室內自然通風效益之影響

The Effects of Different Building Layouts on Indoor Ventilation Performance

10.3966/101632122019060108004

邱英浩(Yin-Hao Chiu)；陳智仁(Chih-Jew Chen)；劉天祥(Tien-Hsiang Liou)

計算流體力學 ； 環境風場 ； 自然通風 ； 建築配置 ； Computational Fluid Dynamics ； Environmental Wind Fields ； Natural Ventilation ； Building Layouts

建築學報

108期（2019 / 06 / 30）

59 - 79

繁體中文

近年因都市熱島效應與極端氣候之影響，減少能源消耗且適應環境之建築設計思維已成為現今主流，以德國為起點，歐美亦已推動被動式建築（Passivhaus），台灣亦有綠建築政策鼓勵建築提高所使用資源效率，與減低對環境與人體健康之影響，被動式建築也逐步在推廣。而若是在都市設計階段即考慮到建築與環境之關係，後續再推動被動式建築或是綠建築政策則會有更好的節能效率與適應環境之能力。在都市環境中，自然通風之效益較差，而室內自然通風之效益除了與建築配置相關外，亦受外部街道環境影響，故本研究探討建築配置對於室內通風效益之影響。研究結果得知，主要建築配置方位與該地區之主要風向呈45°角，室內通風效益為最佳；街谷高寬比（H／W）越高則室內通風效益越佳，但相對其街道中的迴流區亦較高，因此建議需有其他配套設計解決街道通風效益較差之問題；不同建築配置情況下，平行配置與錯列配置之室內通風效益趨勢相似，但在街谷中造成之流況不同，平行配置風流況較穩定具規律性，但高H／W情形下縮流效應明顯，錯列配置受渦流影響風流況較不穩定，但縮流效應相對較低。

Decreasing energy consumption and adapting to environments have become the mainstream architectural design concepts in response to the recent urban heat island effect and climate changes. The Passivhaus (i.e., passive house) concept, which was developed in Germany, has been promoted in Europe and North America. Similarly, green building policies have been implemented in Taiwan to promote resource efficiency in constructions and to reduce their impact on the environment and human health. Passivhaus are also being promoted in Taiwan. In urban planning, considering the relationships between buildings and the environment before implementing Passivhaus and green building policies enhances energy efficiency and environmental adaptation. Typically, natural ventilation is inadequate in urban environments. In addition to building layouts, natural indoor ventilation is affected by outdoor street environments. In street and indoor environments with poor ventilation, exhaust gas and pollutants can persist and jeopardize human health and comfort. This paper discusses the effect of building layouts on indoor ventilation performance. The findings indicated that the efficacy of indoor ventilation would be optimized if the direction of the main building layout and that of the main wind lie at an angle of 45 degrees; that the higher the street canyon aspect ratio (H/W) was, the better the efficacy of indoor ventilation was, but compared to the circulation zone in the street it was also higher, and therefore, other related measures or designs should be introduced to solve a lower ventilation efficacy; and that considering different building layouts, the ventilation efficacies of a parallel layout and a intertwined one were similar but led to distinct circulation situations in the street canyon, namely, the parallel layout generating a relatively stable and regulatory circulation however with a marked Venturi effect under a high H/W, and the intertwined one leading to a relatively unstable circulation with a lower Venturi effect.

1. 朱佳仁、邱英浩、陳彥志、王宇文(2009)。建築物開口對風壓通風影響之研究。建築學報，69，17-33。
   連結：
2. 江哲銘、陳念祖、周伯丞、李彥頤、連憶菁(2008)。水平導風板對室內自然通風之效益研究。建築學報，64，83-102。
   連結：
3. 邱英浩、吳孟芳(2010)。不同街道尺度對環境風場之影響。都市與計劃，37(4)，501-528。
   連結：
4. 洪一安、林憲德、周榮華(2014)。建築物中庭空間夏季通風潛力評估之研究—以正方形中庭為例。建築學報，88，47-60。
   連結：
5. 陳念祖、江哲銘、周伯丞、林沂品、陳正玲(2007)。居室開口部裝設垂直導風板對室內自然通風之影響。建築學報，61，63-78。
   連結：
6. Barlow, J.B.,Rae, W. .H.,Pope, A.(1999).Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing.New York, U.S.A.:Wiley.
7. BSI- BS 5925. (1991). Code of Practice for Ventilation Principles and Designing for Natural Ventilation. UK, London: British Standards Institution
8. Fanger, P. O.(1970).Thermal Comfort. Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering.Denmark, Copenhagen:Danish Technical Press.
9. Ghiaus, C.,Allard, F.,Santamouris, M.,Georgakis, C.,Nicol, F.(2006).Urban environment influence on natural ventilation potential.Building and Environment,41(4),395-406.
10. Herman, I. N.,Barlow, J. F.,Belcher, S. E.(2004).Scalar fluxes from urban street canyons part II: Model.Boundary-Layer Meteorology,113(3),387-410.
11. Hu, C. H.,Wang, F.(2005).Using a CFD approach for the study of street-level winds in a built-up area.Building and Environment,40(5),617-631.
12. Kubota, T.,Miura, M.,Tominaga, Y.,Mochida, A.(2008).Wind tunnel tests on the relationship between building density and pedestrian-level wind velocity: Development of guidelines for realizing acceptable wind environment in residential neighborhoods.Building and Environment,43(10),1699-1708.
13. Li, X. X.,Liu, C. H.,Leung, D. Y. C.,Lam, K. M.(2006).Recent progress in CFD modelling of wind field and pollutant transport in street canyons.Atmospheric Environment,40,5640-5658.
14. 朱佳仁(2006)。風工程概論。臺北市=Taipei:科技圖書股份有限公司=Techbook CO. LTD.。
15. 蔡繼堯(2017)。台北市=Taipei, Taiwan，中國文化大學建築及都市設計學系=Chinese Culture University。

1. 簡可欣,邱英浩(2023)。以環境熱舒適探討不同容積量下之都市空間及環境行為調適。都市與計劃，50(3)，379-415。
2. 蘇瑛敏,楊承乾,蘇瑛敏,楊承乾(2022)。北投地區高齡者住宿式機構日常活動空間舒適性及二氧化碳分布之研究。物業管理學報，13(2)，1-25。
3. 蘇瑛敏,葉沛廷(2021)。基於透空式建築型態的街谷細懸浮微粒汙染物擴散數值模擬。建築學報，117，69-95。