以數值計算方法解析傳統園林建築之物理環境－以板橋林家花園為例

Physical Environment Analysis of Traditional House by Numerical Computational Methods with Particular Reference of Lin Family Mansion and Garden

10.3966/101632122019120110004

廖婧妤(Ching-Yu Liao)；邱英浩(Yin-Hao Chiu)

計算流體力學 ； 台灣傳統建築 ； 板橋林家花園 ； 風環境 ； 熱舒適 ； Traditional House ； Lin Family Mansion and Garden ； Wind Environment ； Thermal Comfort

建築學報

110期（2019 / 12 / 30）

67 - 84

繁體中文

隨著時代進步與技術革新，現代景觀與建築設計大多以景觀美質作為主要設計原則，較少考量建築與環境之關係，導致對環境之負面影響；反觀傳統園林建築，多考量因地制宜方式布局，以自然通風及採光等設計方法與景觀手段，創造宜居環境，此與環境風水中講求順應自然的概念不謀而合。而過去相關研究大多為質性描述，較少有科學之驗證，故本研究透過計算流體力學（CFD），分析板橋林家花園之戶外物理環境，將整體布局及建物配置進行綜合分析，檢視各空間舒適度與使用者熱感受，並進一步探討與傳統風水原則之關聯性。根據研究結果得知，室外溫度與熱舒適關係於空間位置上具關聯性，將園林配置以區位討論，東側建築空間平均溫度較西側高，符合上午時間之室內活動需求，西側則以戶外活動居多，且因透過植栽及建物配置，下午溫度略低於其他位置；分析南北兩側建築配置，南側配置以房舍為主，北側則較多公共活動空間，舒適度較高；園內主要活動空間之榕蔭大池，夏冬兩季使用者熱舒適度皆較良好，此與文獻記載之活動行為符合。在環境風水方面，園林整體布局與風水概念大致相同，唯受限於地理環境差異、文化發展背景等諸多複雜因素影響，台灣園林造園不像傳統中國園林對於風水布局如此講究，但仍受風水概念影響甚深。

With the advance of science and technology, landscape aesthetic is now considered as the main design principal in most of the modern landscape and architecture designs. The lack of consideration of the relationship between the design and the nature has caused some impacts on the environment. In contrast, most of the traditional mansion and garden designs have taken the natural ventilation and lightning methods into consideration to build a cozy living environment, resonating with the concept of ＂Feng Shui＂. However, the previous related studies mainly focus on the qualitative description with limited scientific verification. Therefore this research has studied the outdoor physical environment of Lin Family Mansion and Garden by utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD).According to the simulation results, outdoor temperature and thermal comfort level are correlated with the building spatial position. The temperature of the buildings on the east side is higher than that of the buildings on the west and, thus, is suitable for indoor activities in the forenoon. While the buildings on the south side mostly serve the living purpose because of the higher comfort level, the spaces for public activities are then generally located on the north side. The Banyan Shade Pond provides a relatively high comfort level in both summer and winter season, which is consistent with the previous records in the literature. Generally, the configuration of Lin Family Mansion and Garden is aligned with the concept of Feng Shui. In spite of the fact that Taiwanese mansions and gardens are limited by the various complex factors such as geographic landscape and the cultural development and thus are less strict in the application of Feng Shui, there is still a high connection between them.

1. 邱英浩(2011)。建築配置形式對戶外空間環境風場之影響。都市與計畫，38(3)，303-325。
   連結：
2. 邱英浩、汪至佳、江志成(2014)。植栽及透水鋪面對街道表面溫度之模擬。建築學報，88，61-78。
   連結：
3. 韓可宗(2003)。巒頭風水與現代環境科學。建築學報，43，125-139。
   連結：
4. ASHRAE(2010).ASHRAE 55 (2010). Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
5. British Standards Institution(1991).British Standards Institution 5925 (1991). Code of Practice for Ventilation Principles and Designing for Natural Ventilation.UK, London:British Standards Institution.
6. Chiu,Y. H.,Huang, N. W.,Wang, C. C.(2018).A comparison study of Taiwanese He-Yuan Architecture between the ethically of physical environment.Building Simulation,11(1),203-217.
7. Lin, T. P.,Matzarakis, A.(2008).Tourism Climate and Thermal Comfort in Sun Moon Lake. Taiwan.International Journal of Biometeorology,52,281-290.
8. Marino, B.,Elana, B.,Angela, S.(2010).Feng shui and environmental psychology: A critical comparison.Journal of Architectural and Planning Research,27(1),23-34.
9. Matzarakis, A.(1999).Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature.International Journal of Biometeorology,43(2),76-84.
10. Mochida, A.,Tominaga, Y.,Murakami, S.(2002).Comparison of various k-εmodel and DSM applied to flow around a high-rise building-report on AIJ cooperative project for CFD prediction of wind environment.Wind and Structures An International Journal,5(2-4),227-244.
11. Potcher, O.,Cohen, P.,Matzarakis, A.(2018).Outdoor human thermal perception in various climate: A comprehensive review of approaches, methods and quantification.Science of the Total Environment,631-632,390-406.
12. Tominaga, Y.,Mochida, A.,Shirasawa, T.(2008).AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,96(10-11),1749-1761.
13. 岡部三智雄、Hsu, S. K.(2015)。林本源園邸的建築理念試探。師大台灣史學報，8，153-172。
14. 凌德麟(2013)。台灣造園形式演進及現代景觀專業發展之回顧。造園季刊，77，3-18。
15. 夏鑄九(2008)。遊園驚夢─台北板橋林本源園林重訪。城市與設計學報，4(20)，45-82。
16. 張運宗(2014)。台灣園林宅第巡禮：透視台灣歷史脈動，觀看歷代望族風華。台北市=Taipei:遠足文化出版公司=Walkers Cultural Enterprises。
17. 張慧英(2007)。台南市=Tainan，國立成功大學都市計畫學系=Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University。
18. 陳志楊(2007)。屏東縣=Pingtung，國立屏東科技大學農村規劃系=Landscape Architecture and recreation Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology。
19. 彭一剛(2007)。中國古典園林分析。台北市=Taipei:地景企業股份有限公司=United Distribution。
20. 曾惠裏(2001)。台灣傳統園林的歷史發展。造園季刊，39，53-66。
21. 漢寶德(1973)。板橋林家花園調查研究及修復計畫。台中市=Taichung:境與象出版社=Vision and Image Publishing。
22. 漢寶德(1987)。風水宅法中禁忌的研究。台灣大學建築與城鄉研究學報，5(3)，5-55。
23. 鄭麗玲(2018)。阮ê 青春夢：日治時期的摩登新女性。台北市=Taipei:玉山社出版公司=Taiwan Interminds Publishing。

1. (2024)。由傳統生態智慧觀點探討不同時期漢人聚落空間布局變遷對物理環境之影響。都市與計劃，51(3)，361-381。