規劃設計階段考量多目標最佳化及規劃偏好之校舍規劃標竿學習

Benchmarking of the School Building Planning Considering the Multi-Objective Optimization Problems and Planning Preferences at the Preliminary Planning Stage

10.3966/101632122020060112001

陳清山(Ching-Shan Chen)；馮世人(Shih-Jen Feng)

中小學校舍 ； 無異曲線 ； 效用函數 ； 效率前緣 ； 資料包絡分析法 ； 標竿學習 ； School Building ； Indifference Curve ； Utility Function ； Efficient Frontier ； Data Envelopment Analysis ； Benchmarking

建築學報

112期（2020 / 06 / 30）

1 - 20

繁體中文

一般而言，建築師於規劃設計階段規劃建築物時，經常將耐震性及經濟性列為兩項重要規劃目標，但此兩項目標本質上是互相衝突的。以耐震性為考量重點的建築物，常會增加建築物成本，造成建築物不夠經濟；相反地，以經濟性為衡量重點的建築物，則易使建築物的耐震性不足，此兩項目標常造成建築師規劃設計建築物時極大的困擾，如何權衡此兩項衝突目標即為多目標最佳化問題。除此之外，每位建築師的規劃偏好不盡相同，目前單一的建築物標竿學習對象，常無法滿足建築師規劃偏好的多元需求。故如何發展一個融合多目標及規劃偏好的標竿學習方法，成為一個值得研究的課題。本研究之研究方法包含：無異曲線、效用函數、效率前緣以及資料包絡分析法。無異曲線可定義建築師之規劃偏好；效用函數用於評估建築師規劃校舍時之滿足程度；效率前緣理論則可以從校舍案例中，以資料包絡分析法計算出較有效率之校舍規劃－亦即效率前緣曲線，此曲線可做為建築師規劃設計校舍時的依據；若結合效用函數的觀念，則可求出不同規劃偏好的標竿學習對象。本研究並以臺中市市中心區326棟中小學校舍為研究案例，以闡釋所發展之方法論。研究成果除可供建築師規劃設計校舍時標竿學習的依據外，亦可供學術界後續研究之參考。

From the viewpoints of building planning stage, the most important criteria in building planning are safety and cost. However, these two objectives are often in conflict. Buildings designed for seismic resistance prioritize safety and often require significant additional budgetary outlays. Buildings designed for cost effectiveness, therefore, often offer inadequate seismic resistance. Thus, architects, who must also strike an optimal balance between these two conflicting objectives, may be indecisive when planning buildings. It's a Multi-Objective Optimization Problem (MOOP). Except for the MOOP, there exists the diverse preferences when architects planning the buildings. Single benchmarking building usually can't be satisfied with architects. Therefore, how to develop a benchmarking method that integrates the MOOP and the diverse preferences are deserved further investigation. This research integrates indifference curve, utility function, efficient frontier and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to develop the research method. The indifference curve may be determined to deduce the planning preference of an architect. Utility function is utilized to assess the degree of architect's planning satisfaction. This research also applies the efficient frontier via DEA to identify a group of plans with the highest seismic performance index under different unit construction cost conditions for school buildings. This group of plans may create an efficient frontier curve for school buildings, via utility function, the points serving as benchmarks for different planning preference. The 326 school buildings in central Taichung City were adopted by this research as the samples to interpret the developed research methods. Results can provide valuable information for architects to benchmark their school buildings' planning, also can give the academics' references for future researches.

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