致病新角色：先天性淋巴細胞

The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Diseases

10.6314/JIMT.201808_29(4).07

林聖閎(Sheng-Hong Lin)；杜芝穎(Chih-Ying Tu)；陳政宏(Chen-Hung Chen)

先天性淋巴細胞(Innate lymphoid cells, ILCs) ； 先天性免疫(Innate immunity) ； 後天性免疫(Adaptive immunity)

內科學誌

29卷4期（2018 / 08 / 01）

262 - 270

繁體中文

一種嶄新的淋巴細胞群在近年來的研究上被發現是免疫反應上扮演著重要的作用細胞，它們被命名為先天性淋巴細胞（innate lymphoid cells, ILCs）。這一細胞群下，根據它們在細胞激素分泌功能及使用不同的轉錄因子而分為不同的亞群。它們由T-bet（+）干擾素γ（+）的第1群先天性淋巴細胞，GATA3（+）介白素5（+）介白素13（+）的第2群先天性淋巴細胞，以及RORγt（+）介白素17（+）或介白素22（+）的第3群先天性淋巴細胞所組成。它填補了過去已知的免疫反應前期的空缺。第1、2、3群先天性淋巴細胞分別扮演著第1，2，3型免疫反應起始的重要功能，進而活化或調整對抗外來致病原的侵犯，包括病毒、細菌、及黴菌。相反的，這群細胞在過去的不同疾病動物模式上也被觀察到，因此在許多的自體免疫性及慢性發炎性疾病致病機轉上扮演著重要角色，如風濕性疾病、慢性過敏性呼吸系統疾病、腸道炎症、多發性硬化症、及惡性腫瘤等。逐漸了解包含先天性淋巴細胞的免疫反應機轉，使這些自體免疫性疾病及慢性發炎性疾病的產生機轉被更清楚建構，也提供未來在人類疾病的治療上更有效的一個新方向。

A novel family of leukocytes, named with innate lymphoid cells, has emerged as important effector cells in immune reactions from recent researches. The subsets of innate lymphoid cells have different property of cytokine production and usage of transcription factor. The family consists of T-bet^+INFγ^+ group 1 innate lymphoid cells, GATA3^+IL5^+IL13^+ group 2 innate lymphoid cells, and RORγt^+IL17^+ and/or IL22^+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells. The innate lymphoid cells contribute to the early processes in immune responses. The group 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cells provided essential roles in induction of immune responses, including type 1, 2, and 3 immune reactions, respectively, to protect the invasion of dangerous pathogens, including virus, bacteria, and fungi. On the contrary, the cell family has been found in a variety of diseases by the evidences from experimental models, suggesting the innate lymphoid cells serve as important roles in the immune-pathogenesis of several autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatic diseases, chronic allergic pulmonary disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, and malignancies. The discoveries of works provided by innate lymphoid cells in a variety of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders promote further understanding in immune responses. The regulation of the innate lymphoid cells will provide the more effective and novel therapeutic strategy treatments in human diseases.