Using Fuzzy QFD to Enhance Manufacturing Strategic Planning

利用模糊QFD分析強化製造策略規劃

10.29977/JCIIE.200301.0006

蔡介元(Chieh-Yuan Tsai)；駱至中(Chih-Chung Lo)；Alec C. Chang

商業策略 ； 製造策略 ； 決策過程 ； 品質機能展開 ； 模糊理論 ； business strategy ； manufacturing strategy ； decision-making ； quality function deployment ； fuzzy QFD

工業工程學刊

20卷1期（2003 / 01 / 01）

33 - 41

英文

爲了適應多變的環境，決策者需要不斷地訂定新的策略以強化企業的生存。藉由品質機能展開(Quality Function Deployment, QFD)分析，抽像的商業策略(business strategy)可以有系統的轉換成可操作的製造策略(manufacturing strategy)。然而，傳統的QFD分析方式並無法將評量(assessment)時的不確定因素納入考量。也就是說，當評量成員在進行策略評估時，往往會有意識或無意識地將過於樂觀或過於悲觀的情緒帶入評量中；同時，成員對於每一評量語意的確定程度亦有不同的認知，致使評估結果常因偏差而遭到質疑。有鑑於此，本研究提出一個可以修正評量「樂觀程度」及「語意確定度」的模糊QFD分析模式。決策者可以藉由對樂觀程度參數及語意確定參數的改變，修正評估的最終結果，解決評量過程中所造成的偏頗。本文幷以一個實際的商業策略與製造策略規劃爲例，說明所提的模糊QFD模式之應用方式及其可行性。

Decision-makers frequently need to develop new strategic plans to correct weaknesses or build new strengths for a changing business condition. Through QFD (Quality Function Deployment) analysis, conceptual requirements in strategic plans can be translated into program items that are operable, measurable, and capable of producing improvement. However, the crisp assessment term in a traditional QFD analysis has difficulty coping with the uncertainty in the correlation evaluation. More importantly, a group of assessment members can possess a conscious or unconscious bias in the optimism of an evaluation and in the certainty level of the linguistic terms. These problems cannot be solved using traditional QFD analysis. This research adopts a fuzzy QFD model with an optimistic index in the priority ranking procedures. This fuzzy index can correct bias problems in a consistent way for prioritizing strategic functions. A priority change display in the priority ranking according to different scenarios can provide ”what-if” analysis in a decision-making environment. Moreover, changing the shapes of the fuzzy numbers in a QFD can represent the decision-makers' certainty level for different linguistic terms. A case study using QFD in the strategic manufacturing plan for a company is implemented as an illustration.

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