Effect of Customer Order Cancellation on Supply Chain Inventory

顧客訂單取消對於供應鏈存貨之影響

10.29977/JCIIE.200401.0004

Hiroshi Ohta；Takayuki Furutani

供應鏈管理 ； 馬可夫鏈 ； (s, S)存貨政策 ； 訂單取消 ； 合作與獨立政策 ； Supply chain management ； Markov chain ； (s,S) inventory policy ； order cancellation ； cooperative and independent policy

工業工程學刊

21卷1期（2004 / 01 / 01）

40 - 45

英文

存貨政策對於買方與供應商有著重大的影響。最近存貨管理與供應鏈管理相關的研究趨勢主要是針對顧客行爲對於系統與供應鏈合夥間互動或關係的影響。近年來，Sharafali和Co[5]提出了一些供應商與買方間合作的隨機模式，並且討論了在(s, S)存貨政策下合作的成效。另一方面，則是Cheung和Zhang[2]探討另一種需求資訊失真的來源，即可能造成著名之「長鞭效應」的顧客訂單取消。他們的研究發現訂單取消（存貨資訊失真的主要來源）增加總體系統的成本。本研究考慮包含供應商、買方（批發商）與顧客的供應鏈系統，並且分析當顧客取消訂單時，應用(s, S)存貨政策於供應鏈系統之供應商與買方的成效。由於買方的在最大化整體系統總期望利潤的合作政策下之個別期望利潤會低於在獨立政策下之個別期望利潤，因此吾人亦同時決定供應商給買方定價的折扣以促進買方加入合作。

Inventory policy is crucial to all buyers and suppliers. Recent research trends in inventory management and supply chain management have also focused on the impact of customer behavior on the system and the interaction or relationship among supply chain partners. Recently, Sharafali & Co [5] presented some stochastic models of cooperation between the supplier and the buyer, and discussed the effect of cooperation in (s, S) inventory policy. On the other hand, Cheung & Zhang [2] focused on another source of demand information distortion that leads to the well known ”bullwhip effect”: customer order cancellation. They find that cancellations, as major sources of inventory information distortion, increases total system costs. In this paper, we treat a supply chain system consisting of the supplier, the buyer and the customer, where the buyer corresponds to a wholesaler, and analyze the effect on (s, S) inventory policies for the supplier and the buyer in the supply chain system from customer order cancellations. We also determine the discount wholesale price of the supplier against the buyer in order to motivate the buyer to cooperate, because the expected profit of the buyer under the cooperative policy that maximizes the total expected profits of the whole system is less than that under the independent policy.

1. Chapman, S. N.,P. L. Carter(1990).Supplier/customer inventory relationships under just in time.Decision Science,21,35-51.
2. Cheung, K. L.,A. X. Zhang(1999).The impact of inventory information distortion due to customer order cancellations.Naval Research Logistics,46(2),213-231.
3. Lee, H. L.,P. Padmanabhan,S. Whang(1997).Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect.Management Science,43,546-558.
4. O`Neal, C. R.(1989).The buyer-supplier linkage in just-in-time environment.Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management,25,34-40.
5. Sharafali, M.,H. C. Co(2000).Some models for understanding the cooperation between the supplier and the buyer.International Journal of Production Research,38(15),3425-3449.