流線式生產線之保護性産能設計模式研究

A Design Model for the Protective Capacity of Serial Production Lines

10.29977/JCIIE.200403.0008

吳鴻輝(Horng-Huei Wu)；顏文芳(Wen-Fang Yan)

產能平衡 ； 流量平衡 ； 保護性產能 ； 限制理論 ； 不平衡型流線式生產線 ； capacity balanced ； flow balanced ； protective capacity ； Theory of Constraint TOC ； μ-balanced serial production line

工業工程學刊

21卷2期（2004 / 03 / 01）

177 - 192

繁體中文

當一條流線式生產線前後工作站的加工時間不一致時，即會導致站與站間的挨餓與卡住之依存關係，而使得整條生產線流量的不順暢，一般改善的方法是透過生產線平衡的技術，以使各站加工時間儘可能的接近（即產能平衡的流線式生產線）。但是一條產能平衡的流線式生產線，當各站表現的愈不穩定時（即加工時間變異愈大），彼此間加工時間變異又會導致站與站間更大的卡住與挨餓現象，因而又會使得整條生產線流量不順暢，而降低整條線之績效。由於在目前與未來產品壽命愈來愈短以及多種少量的競爭壓力下，現場各站加工時間變異的增加，已是無可避免的現象。因此在目前與未來的競爭環境下，流線式生產線的管理方向應該朝向流量平衡而不是產能平衡。換言之，如何設計一條流量平衡的流線式生產線，使其瓶頸站產出不受各站加工時間變異影響，以確保整條生產線的產出，是有其必要性與意義的。然而為了保護瓶頸站產出不受各站加工時間變異之影響，即會面臨非瓶頸站「合理的保護性產能應該為多少？」的決策問題。因此本文将根據流量平衡與限制理論(TOC)的觀念，提出一套流量平衡的流線式生產線之保護性產能的設計模式，該模式透過保護瓶頸站，使其不受非瓶頸站加工時間變異之傷害，以確保流線式生產線的流量平衡與有效產出。

Due to the serious dependent events exist among stations of a serial production line,thethroughput performance of a line is seriously influenced by the statistical fluctuation(variability)of production time of each station.The statistical fluctuation of each station,however,is more and more severe under the competitive pressure,such as shorter productlife cycle,more product models,or less quantity of an order,etc..It is necessary andsignificant to design a flow-balanced serial production line,which is immunized against thestatistical fluctuation.How to determine the reasonable protective capacity is one of themajor problems confronted in the design of a flow-balanced serial production line.In thispaper,a systematic model based on Theory of Constraints(TOC)and flow-balancedconcept is proposed to decide the reasonable protective capacity for a serial production line.

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