An Investigation on the Estbalishment of Foot Surface Area Estimation Formula Using 3-D Foot Scanner

以3D腳型掃描儀建立腳型表面積估算公式之研究

10.29977/JCIIE.200805.0004

杜信宏(Hsin-Hung Tu)；游志雲(Chi-Yuang Yu)

腳型表面積 ； 3D掃描 ； 腳長 ； 腳圍 ； Foot surface area ； 3D scan ； foot length ； ball girth

工業工程學刊

25卷3期（2008 / 05 / 01）

223 - 228

英文

本研究的目的是以3D腳型掃描儀來建立腳型表面積的估算公式。本研究召募100位樣本並以3D腳型掃描儀來掃描其右腳3D腳型。接著透過TriD軟體來萃取出腳型表面積與5個1D腳型尺寸值。首先以這5個1D尺寸值分別對腳型表面積值進行迴歸分析，找出單一尺寸有95%以上的變異解釋能力者。如果沒有，則由5個1D尺寸值裏再選3個R2較高的尺寸值以(1)兩個一組，和(2)三個一組的方式再分別進行迴歸。研究結果以腳長和腳掌圍二者的組合爲最佳，其迴歸方程式（腳型表面積＝1.051×腳長×腳寬）可解釋97.7%的腳型表面積變異。本研究同時也評估此估算公式的是否受性別影響，以及將之與DuBois&DuBois公式進行比較。因此在估算準確性可接受的水準之下，本研究建議可使用本研究所建立的公式來估算腳型表面積。

The purpose of this study is to establish a foot surface area (FSA) estimation formula using 3-D foot scanner. 100 subjects were recruited to scan their right feet by a 3D foot scanner. After scanning, FSA was computed and five 1-D measurements were extracted by TriD software automatically. These five 1-D measurements were regressed one single each on FSA first. Three among these five with higher R^2 were chosen to be analyzed further in the sequence as: (1) two measurements a pair, and (2) three measurements together respectively. After analyses, foot length-ball girth pair was chosen as good predictors on FSA with highest R^2 and easier measurableness. The resulting FSA formula was evaluated on the gender effect, and compared also with Du Bois and Du Bois' formula. This study concluded a new FSA estimation formula, FSA=1.051×foot length × ball girth, with R^2=0.977.

1. Size USA
2. Size UK
3. Size Japan
4. Banerjee, S.,R. Sen(1955).Determination of the surface area of the body of Indians.Journal of Applied Physiology,7,585-588.
5. Boyd, E.(1935).The Growth of the Surface Area of the Human Body.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
6. Curreri, P. W.,D. Richmond,J. Marvin,C. R. Baxter(1974).Dietary requirements of patients with major burns.Journal of the American Dietetic Association,65,415-417.
7. Dalen, J. E.,P. Z. Stavri(2000).A second century for the archives of internal medicine.Archives of Internal Medicine,160,15-18.
8. Du Bois, D.F.,E. F. Du Bois(1916).A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known.Archives of Internal Medicine,17,863-871.
9. Gehan, E. A.,S. L. George(1970).Estimation of human body surface area from height and weight.Cancer Chemother Rep,54,225-235.
10. Kurazumi, Y.,T. Tsuchikawa,N. Matsubara,T. Horitoshi(2004).Convective heat transfer area of the human body.European Journal of Applied Physiology,93,273-285.
11. Liang, M.H.,C.Y. Yu,H.H. Tu(2008).The estimation of segmental biomechanical parameters using 3D anthropometric database.Proceedings of 2008 Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Conference and Exhibition,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA:
12. Livingston, E. H.,S. Lee(2000).Percentage of burned body surface area determination in obese and nonobese patients.Journal of Surgical Research,91,106-110.
13. Lund, C. C.,N. C. Browder(1944).The estimation of areas of burns.Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics,79,352.
14. Rajive, M. J.,K. R. Deb,V. Ramesh,E. Matt(2004).Burns area estimation-an error perpetuated.Burns,30,481-482.
15. Robinette, K. M.,H. Daanen,E. Paquet(1999).The CAESAR project: a 3-D surface anthropometry survey.Proceedings of Second International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling,Ottawa, Canada:
16. Rossi, W. A.,Tennant, R.(1993).Professional Shoe Fitting.New York, NY:National Shoe Retailer Association.
17. Sawyer, M.,R. H. Stone,E. F. Du Bois(1916).Further measurements of the surface area of adults and children.Journal of Applied Physiology,17,855-862.
18. Shuter, B.,A. Aslani(2000).Body surface area: DuBois and DuBois revisited.European Journal of Applied Physiology,82,250-254.
19. Tikuisis, P.,P. Meunier,C. E. Jubenville(2001).Human body surface area: measurement and prediction using three dimensional body scans.European Journal of Applied Physiology,85,264-271.
20. Tu, H.H.,C. Y. Chen,C. Y. Yu(2007).Foot surface area estimation using 3-D foot scans.Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting, Ergonomics Society of Taiwan,TaiChung County, Taiwan:
21. Tucker, G. R.,J. K. Alexander(1960).Estimation of body surface area of extremely obese human subjects.Journal of Applied Physiology,15,781-784.
22. Wachtel, T. L.,C. C. Berry,E. E. Wachtel,H. A. Frank(2000).The inter-rater reliability of estimating the size of burns from various burn area chart drawings.Burns,26,156-170.
23. Webb Associates(1978).Anthropometry Source Book.Ohio:Yellow Spring.
24. Yu, C.Y.,Y. H. Lo,W. K. Chiou(2003).The 3-D scanner for measuring body surface area: a simplified calculation in the Chinese adult.Applied Ergonomics,34,273-278.