Evaluation of Design Change Alternative Cases Using an AHP Approach to Evaluate Component Relationships of a Product

設計變更方案之評估模式－以層級程序分析法分析產品零件關係

10.29977/JCIIE.200809.0002

鄭元杰(Yuan-Jye Tseng)；李婉萍(Wan-Ping Li)；林玉華(Yu-Hua Lin)

協同設計 ； 設計變更 ； 層級程序分析法 ； collaborative design ； design change ； analytic hierarchy process ； AHP

工業工程學刊

25卷5期（2008 / 09 / 01）

358 - 367

英文

近年來顧客對產品求新求變的速度要求愈來愈快，爲了迎合眾多顧客需求，產品必須不斷地求新求變，因此設計變更成爲必要發生的過程。而設計變更管理爲產品研發過程的重要環節，良好與適當的設計變更管理系統將有助於研發設計時間的減少與成本的降低。在一個產品的設計變更方案中，如果變更一個零件，其影響並不只是這個初始零件，可能會有其他的零件也需要變更，才能完成一個完整的產品，而這種連帶的連鎖效應是需要分析評估的。另外，爲了完成一個設計變更的目標，可能會有不同的設計變更方案，可以完成相同的目標。而不同的設計變更方案中，可能進行的是不同的初始零件的變更，因此也會造成影響不同的其他連帶的零件及不同的連鎖反應。因此，需要一個有系統的方法，以分析評估不同的設計變更方案。本研究將在協同設計與跨廠製造環境下，針對一產品之不同設計變更方案進行評估，提出一套以層級程序分析法評估變更方案之模式。首先根據一個產品零件間之關聯，化建立其零件關聯矩陣。關聯矩陣以關聯因素的關聯值代表兩個零件問的關係，而一個零件的關聯因素包括了尺寸、功能、材料、製造程序、組裝程序、及製造廠區。當執行設計變更方案進行初始零件變更時，即可藉此零件關聯矩陣得知初始變更零組件對其他零組件所造成變更之影響範圍與程度，並求得到變更零件間之關聯值。研究中接著運用層級程序分析雜建立設計變更方案之層級結構與評估準則，求出各設計變更方案之優先權重值，以變動其他零件最少、總關聯值最小爲目標，最後以最小的總關聯值可得到最佳可行方案。如果在已知的設計變更方案中，要對不同的零件進行變更，本研究提出之方法可以對不同設計變更方案進行分析評估，以總關聯值最小爲目標，找出總關聯值最小的設計變更方案，也就是在可達成相同的設計變更目標下，找出對產品造成最小影響的一個最佳的設計變更方案。本研究中提出方法模式已完成電腦上之程式發展及實務驗證，並以一個手機作爲案例探討說明。研究之成果可以找出成本效益最佳化的設計變更方案，提供決策者作爲參考依據。

Design change activities are commonly applied to improve an existing product for the purpose of adding some functional values or reducing certain costs. Although a design change usually changes only a component or a localized portion of a product, a design change may cause a great effect on the other components of the product. Given a design change objective, different design change alternative cases can be proposed to achieve the same objective. In this research, an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model is presented for evaluating the different design change alternative cases. First, a component relational matrix is modeled. If an initial component change is made, the other components that are affected by the initial component are identified and represented using a component relational matrix. Five relational factors, dimension, material, manufacturing operation, assembly operation, and plant location, are identified to represent the relationships between the components. Second, an analytic hierarchy process evaluation method is presented to analyze the final total relational values of the relational factors of the different design change alternative cases. The total relational values of the different design change cases are evaluated and compared. A design change case with a lower total relational value indicates that the initial component affects less on the other components. A design change case is considered better if the resulted effect is smaller. Implementation and test results of a mobile phone example product are presented and discussed.

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