選舉制度、候選人提名制度和政治代表性關係的探討：一個分析架構的討論

The Relationships among Electoral Systems, Candidate Selection and Political Representation: An Analysis Framework

10.6164/JNDS.201806_17(2).0002

陳澤鑫(Tse-Hsin Chen)

政治代表性 ； 選舉制度 ； 黨內提名制度 ； 因果模型 ； Political Representation ； Electoral System ； Candidate Selection ； Causal Model

國家發展研究

17卷2期（2018 / 06 / 01）

49 - 81

繁體中文

本文的主要任務在於討論一個政治體系下，在總體層面運作中，透過選舉的政治甄補過程，政治體系的輸入（即民意）如何受到黨内政治裡的候選人提名制度的影響，更進一步透過選舉競爭的形塑，最後反映到政治體系的輸出（即政府政策）。因此，本文將依變項定義爲政治代表性（political representation），其運作化方式是選民偏好和政府政策契合度。我們並把選舉制度看成是影響代表性的獨立變項之一，並假設爲直接效應的路徑。另一方面，選舉制度也會透過黨內提名制度對代表性發生作用，這是選舉制度透過黨内提名制度對代表性的間接效應。本文嘗試提出一個概念性分析架構來釐清這三個變項之間的效應大小的影響，以做爲未來進一步研究的引導。

The main task of this article is to discuss how the linkage between a political system’s inputs, public opinion, and its output, public policies, is influenced by intra-party recruitment and inter-party electoral competition at the aggregate level. The study examines the linkage in two steps. If we define political representation as the dependent variable, which is the congruence between the electorates' preferences and government policy, we can treat the electoral system as an independent variable. This path is the direct effect. Furthermore, the electoral system can impact political representation through the candidate selection process. This path is the indirect effect. This article tries to propose a conceptual model, which delineates the relationships among these three variables and differentiates the possible magnitude of their effects for future research.

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