英文摘要
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"The Yaksha Kingdom" (Yecha guo 夜叉國) in Liaozhai's Records of the Strange (Liaozhai zhiyi) by Pu Songling recounts the story of a shipwrecked Chinese merchant who drifts to an island, and lacking better options, establishes a family with a female islander whom he identifies as a yakshini (mu yecha 母夜叉). Placing this narrative in the context of maritime commerce in the South China Sea during the early modern period, this paper investigates how Pu recasts the Buddhist yaksha narratives and the Tang-Song classical tales deriving from them to re-imagine cross-cultural encounters. While earlier texts focus on the dangers of the sea and always end with the Chinese merchants abandoning their makeshift families in order to return "home," Pu features cooking, language acquisition, and communal festivity as means to facilitate cross-cultural understanding. At the same time, he incorporates multiple perspectives to delineate the conflicts and dilemmas this family faces, being caught between two different cultures. By analyzing how Pu transforms the originally hideous and cannibalistic yakshini into an "extraordinary" wife and mother, this paper demonstrates that this text is a sensitive deliberation on the pleasure and pain involved in the process of acculturation, and a pioneering literary exercise that entertains the possibilities of making seemingly fearsome alien kinds one of us.
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