兩岸三地樞紐港口選擇因素之探討

Hub Port Selection Factors for Container Carriers across Taiwan Strait

10.6402/TPJ.200703.0031

戴輝煌(Hui-Huang Tai)；黃承傳(Cherng-Chwan Hwang)

港口選擇 ； 營運誘因 ； 結構方程模式 ； Port selection ； Operational incentives ； Structural equations modeling SEM

運輸計劃季刊

36卷1期（2007 / 03 / 30）

31 - 62

繁體中文

本文旨在探討影響越洋貨櫃航商在兩岸三地間，選擇樞紐港口的重要因素，並分析這些影響因素與樞紐港口可提供誘因之間的因果關係。本研究首先綜合相關文獻並參酌航商在兩岸三地四大樞紐港口（上海港、高雄港、鹽田港與香港）營運的特殊性，進行問卷設計調查，並以因素分析方法，篩選出影響航商之港口選擇以及吸引航商誘因的各項因素。繼而應用結構方程模式，以探討這些重要影響因素（港口內部條件與外部環境、航商之營運策略配合因素）與樞紐港口營運誘因（如增加營收、節省成本等）之關係。研究結果顯示：貨櫃航商在樞紐港口之營運策略配合因素，對於航商整體營運成本之節省，具有正向之影響。且該因素與樞紐港口外部環境間，具有顯著之相關性。此外，樞紐港口外部環境愈佳，愈有助於貨櫃航商擴大其市場範圍與增加營收。最後，並依據研究結果，提出若干建議，以供參考。

The objectives of this study are to investigate major factors affecting hub port selection across Taiwan Strait for container carriers, as well as to explore the causal relationships between these factors and the operational incentives to the carriers. Firstly, a questionnaire survey was conducted based on an extensive literature review and the characteristics of shipping operation in hub ports, such as Shanghai, Kaohsiung, Yantian and Hongkong. Factor analysis was then used to identify major influential factors of port selection and operational incentives to the liners. Moreover, a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was employed to examine the relationships between the influential factors of port selection, including the internal and external factors of ports and the operational strategy of container carriers, and the operational incentives, such as market expansion, revenue increase, and cost saving of liners, etc. The results of this study indicate that the operational strategy of container carriers has direct impacts on cost saving of liners and is positively correlated with the external factors of hub ports. In addition, the external factors have positive impacts on market expansion and revenue increase of container carriers. Finally, suggestions and practical implications of the research findings for port authorities are discussed.

1. Shang, K. C.(2004).The Effects of Logistics Measurement Capability on Performance.Asia Pacific Management Review,9(4),671-687.
   連結：
2. 吳偉銘(2002)。港埠競爭模型之理論建置。運輸計劃季刊，31(4)，709-738。
   連結：
3. 戴輝煌(2002)。西太平洋地區樞紐港埠選擇成本比較分析：ACS模式之應。運輸學刊，14(4)，1-28。
   連結：
4. (2003).Issued by Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (ISL).
5. (1995).Containerization International Year Book.London:Emap Business Communications Ltd..
6. Bollen, K. A.,Long, J. S.(1993).Testing Structural Equations Models.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
7. Byrne, B. M.(2001).Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concept, Applications and Programming.London:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Published.
8. Cullinane, K.,Song, D. K.,Gray, R.(2002).A Stochastic Frontier of the Efficiency of Major Container Terminals in Asia: Assessing the Influence of Administrative and Ownership Structures.Transport Research Part A,36(8),743-762.
9. Fleming, D. K.(1996).Concepts of Strategic Commercial Location for Container, Geography and Marine Affairs.USA:University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
10. Fleming, D. K.,Baird, A. J.(1999).Comment: Some Reflections on Port Competition in the United States and Western Europe.Maritime Policy and Management,26(4),383-394.
11. Foggin, J. H.,Dicer, G. N.(1985).Disappearing Hinterlands: The Impact of the Logistics Concept on Port Competition.Journal of the Transportation Research Forum,26,385-391.
12. Golob, T. F.(2003).Review: Structural Equation Modeling for Travel Behavior Research.Transportation Research Part B,37(1),1-25.
13. Golob, T. F.,Regan, A. C.(2001).Impacts of Highway Congestion on Freight Operations: Perceptions of Trucking Industry Managers.Transportation Research Part A,35(7),577-599.
14. Ha, M. S.(2003).A Comparison of Service Quality at Major Container Ports: Implications for Korean Ports.Journal of Transport Geography,11,131-137.
15. Hayuth, Y.,Fleming, D. K.(1994).Concepts of Strategic Commercial Location: The Case of Container Ports.Maritime Policy and Management,21(3),187-193.
16. Heaver, T. D.,Meersman, H.,Van De Voorde, E.(2001).Co-operation and Competition in International Container Transport: Strategies for Ports.Maritime Policy and Management,28(3),293-305.
17. Helmick, J. S.(1994).Concentration and Connectivity in the North Atlantic Liner Port Network: 1970-1990.Dissertation (PhD), Department of Management and Logistics, University of Miami
18. Kerlinger, F. N.(1986).Foundations of Behavioral Research.New York:CBS College Published.
19. Nir, A. S.,Lin, K.,Liang, G. S.(2003).Port Choice Behavior from the Perspective of the Shipping.Maritime Policy and Management,30(2),165-173.
20. Notteboom, T. E.,Winkelmans, W.(2001).Structural Changes in Logistics: How Will Port Authorities Face the Challenge ?.Maritime Policy and Management,28(1),71-89.
21. Robinson, R.(1998).Asian Hub/Feeder Nets: The Dynamics of Restructuring.Maritime Policy and Management,25(1),21-40.
22. Sanchez, R. J.,Hoffmann, J.,Micco, A.,Pizzolitto, G. V.,Sgut, M.,Wilmsmeier, G.(2003).Port Efficiency and International Trade: Port Efficiency as a Determinant of Maritime Transport Costs.Maritime Economics & Logistics,5,199-218.
23. Shang, K. C.,Marlow, P. B.(2005).Logistics Capability and Performance in Taiwan`s Major Manufacturing Firms.Transportation Research Part E,41(3),217-234.
24. Slack, B.(1995).Containerization, Inter-port Competition and Port Selection.Maritime Policy and Management,12,293-303.
25. Song, D. W.(2002).Regional Container Port Competition and Co-operation: The Case of Hong Kong and South China.Journal of Transport Geography,10,99-110.
26. Song, D. W.(2003).Port Co-opetition: In Concept and Practice.Maritime Policy and Management,30(1),29-44.
27. Stopford, M.(2002).Is the Drive for Ever Bigger Containerships Irresistible?.The Proceedings of CI (Containerization International) Shipping Forecasting Conference
28. Tai, H. H.,Hwang, C. C.(2005).Analysis of Hub Port Choice for Container Trunk Liners in East Asia.Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,6,907-919.
29. Thomas, B. J.(1998).Structural Change in the Maritime Industry: Impact on Inter-port Competition in Container Trades.The Proceedings of International Conference on Shipping Development and Port Management
30. Tiwari, P.,Itoh, H.,Doi, M.(2003).Shippers` Port and Carrier Selection Behavior in China: A Discrete Choice Analysis.Maritime Economics & Logistics,5,23-39.
31. Tongzon, J.(2001).Efficiency Measurement of Selected Australian and other International Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis.Transport Research Part A,35(2),113-128.
32. UNCTAD(1990).The Establishment of Trans-shipment Facilities in Development Countries.
33. UNCTAD(1997).Review of Maritime Transport.New York and Geneva:United Nations.
34. Wang, J. J.(1998).A Container Load Center with a Developing Hinterland: A Case Study of Hong Kong.Journal of Transport Geography,6,187-201.
35. Wang, J. J.,Slack, B.(2000).The Evolution of a Regional Container Port System: The Pearl River Delta (PRD).Journal of Transport Geography,8,263-275.
36. Wong, W. G.,Han, B. M.,Ferreira, L.,Zhu, X. N.(2001).Factors Influencing Container Transport: A Fuzzy Number-based Distribution Model Approach.Transportation Planning and Technol.,24,171-183.
37. Wu, Y.(1988).The Economics of Containership Route Deployment.Geo Journal,16(3),301-314.
38. Zeng, Z.,Yang, Z.(2002).Dynamic Programming of Port Position and Scale in the Hierarchized Container Ports Network.Maritime Policy and Management,29(2),163-177.
39. Zohil, J.,Prijon, M.(1999).The MED Rule: The Interdependence of Container Throughput and Transhipment Volumes in the Mediterranean Ports.Maritime Policy and Management,26(2),175-193.
40. 古欽中(2001)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立高雄第一科技大學運輸倉儲營運所碩士論文。
41. 呂錦山(2001)。國際港埠物流中心選擇因素之探討：結構方程模式之應用。航運季刊，10(2)，1-30。
42. 邱皓政(2004)。社會與行為科學的量化研究與統計分析。臺北市:五南圖書公司。
43. 施大元(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立成功大學交通管理研究所碩士論文。
44. 倪安順(2003)。博士論文(博士論文)。國立臺灣海洋大學航運管理研究所博士論文。
45. 陳順宇(2004)。多變量分析。臺北市:華泰圖書公司。
46. 黃芳銘(2004)。結構方程模式理論與應用。臺北市:五南圖書公司。
47. 楊清喬(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立成功大學交通管理研究所碩士論文。
48. 葛蕙銀(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。，國立高雄第一科技大學運籌管理研究所碩士論文。
49. 蔡嘉恩(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立成功大學交通管理研究所碩士論文。

1. 戴輝煌(2012)。東亞主航線佈署與兩岸直航對高雄港轉運功能之影響。運輸計劃季刊，41(4)，435-464。
2. 劉仲矩、陳秀育(2017)。以Q方法探討訪客對橘色港口認知類型之研究。管理實務與理論研究，11(1)，1-18。
3. 楊清喬、陳春益、朱金元(2012)。直航後我國國際貨櫃港埠面臨問題與因應策略之探討。運輸計劃季刊，41(1)，55-80。
4. 葉勝雄、黃琳淇、高瑞鍾、高瑞新(2011)。船舶貨物裝卸承攬業於轉換型領導、組織氣氛、組織承諾及組織公民行為關係之跨層次實證分析。運輸計劃季刊，40(1)，99-132。
5. 鄭永福、張淑滿、張弘宗、高臺順、周貞慧(2016)。兩岸直航政策對外籍航商灣靠臺灣港口意願之影響。台北海洋技術學院學報，7(2)，28-47。