徵收碳稅對船舶減速與營運成本間之影響評估

Assessment of the Impact of a Carbon Tax on Speed Reductions and Operating Costs in Shipping

10.6402/TPJ.201012.0441

張瀞之(Ching-Chih Chang)；王志敏(Chih-Ming Wang)

海運 ； 燃油消耗 ； 碳稅 ； 溫室氣體 ； Shipping ； Fuel consumption ； Carbon tax ； Greenhouse gas emissions

運輸計劃季刊

39卷4期（2010 / 12 / 30）

441 - 460

繁體中文

本文依據船舶燃油消耗量與燃油排放係數，進行分析國際海運產業主要船型（包括海岬型散裝船、輕便型散裝船、超大型油輪、輕便型成品油油輪、次巴拿馬型貨櫃輪與輕便型貨櫃船）之溫室氣體排放量，並模擬在徵收碳稅的情境下，對於航運業者營運成本之影響。首先估計各種船舶之溫室氣體排放量時，發現高速貨櫃船與小型船舶之單位排放量（公克／延噸海浬）高於其他船舶。而在模擬徵收碳稅對營運成本之影響時，燃油費用支出較高之船舶營運者會受到碳稅徴收之誘導，採取降速策略，以獲取降速節省之營運支出，降低碳稅之衝擊。本文同時也建構溫室氣體排放矩陣，有效檢視各種船舶排放量所屬區域，可以作為分級徵收碳稅的參考。

The urban bicycle transportation policy should be a guideline capable of inducing a safe and friendly environment not only for cyclists, but also for local residents and users of other modes. For a sustainable city, it should further be able to induce the most Salk transportation use from either commuters or shoppers. However, because of the improper urban design and crowded mix of traffic, our strategy of bicycle transportation development has been focused only on building riverside bike paths for leisure/athletic use, in the past few years. This study, therefore, is to review the status of bicycle transportation development in foreign countries first, and then to revise the existing development strategy of urban bike transportation in Taiwan. Rather than constructing exclusive bike lanes, this study suggests developing traffic calming (livable streets) for cyclists according to the SWOT analysis. By integrating the public sectors of transportation, urban planning and construction, traffic calming can be developed. Then, a safe and friendly bike transportation environment, ac well as the foundation of sustainable city government, can be provided.

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