輸入型供應鏈風險分析

Inbound Supply Chain Risk Analysis

10.6402/TPJ.201106.0185

李際偉(Vincent C. Li)；武彤(Teresa Wu)；郭定謀(Ding-Mou Guo)

輸入型供應鏈 ； 供應鏈風險 ； 分析網路程序法 ； 採購 ； Inbound supply chain ； Supply chain risk ； Analytic network process ； Procurement

運輸計劃季刊

40卷2期（2011 / 06 / 30）

185 - 211

繁體中文

有鑑於企業目前委外和合作最頻繁的活動，莫過淤產品採購活動的管理，再加上考慮到供應鏈各階層相互依賴，任何一個環節的風險均可能導致整體供應鏈的重大衝擊，是以供應鏈輸入面的風險管理，不應只將焦點放在供應商一方的管理以及單期的討論。因此，本研究的主旨即為搜集整理各方面的供應鏈風險相關文獻，以建立輸入型供應鏈風險因素評估架構，其特點在淤評估範圍，乃是自採購方企業策劃採購行動開始，簽訂合約後進行多期交易之問所可能會產生的各種輸入面供應鏈風險因素。本研究提出一個通用的結構，來提供企業依照自身環境和情況來調整進行運用，而不受限於特定行業或領域。本研究亦運用分析網路程序法以及模糊理論，實際為一製造業企業的輸入型風險進行評估，分析釐清各風險因素之間的關係以及其權重值，以供該企業對於其供應鏈情況的風險管理決策以及資源分配參考之用。

Product procurement management is one of the most important and frequently occurring activities of firms. Since all participants in the supply chain rely on each other, any risk in the supply chain can lead to a serious disruption to the whole network. This paper reviews the literature of inbound supply chain risk management and proposes an integrated method to classify and manage the inbound supply risk factors for manufacturing firms from a long-term point of view.By reviewing the literature of supply chain risk management, we propose a framework that evaluates risks occurring as early as the purchasing stage or as late as after-sales. The framework we develop is generalized so it can be adapted to different industries. By utilizing Analytic Network Process (ANP) and fuzzy theory, the proposed framework is capable to evaluate the inbound supply chain risks. Such analysis helps the firm identify the relationship among risk factors and the importance of each of them. This analytical result can help the firm make decisions, such as risk management decisions and resource allocation decisions.

1. Latour, A.,“Trial by Fire: A Blaze in Albuquerque Sete Off Major Crisis for Cell-Phone Giants”, Wall Street Journal, January 29, 2001.
2. Bettis, R. A.(ed.),Thomas, H.(ed.)(1990).Risk, Strategy, and Management.Greewich:JAI Press.
3. Blackhurst, J. V.,Scheibe, K. P.,Johnson, D. J.(2008).Supplier Risk Assessment and Monitoring for the Automotive Industry.International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,38(2),143-165.
4. Bogataj, D.,Bogataj, M.(2007).Measuring the Supply Chain Risk and Vulnerability in Frequency Space.International Journal of Production Economics,108(1-2),291-301.
5. Chapman, C.,Ward, S.(1997).Project Risk Management: Processes, Techniques and Insights.New York:Wiley.
6. Foroughi, A.,Albin, M.,Kocakulah, M.(2006).Perspectives on Global Supply Chain Supply-Side Risk Management.Technology Management for the Global Future, PICMET,6,2732-2740.
7. Gaonkar, R. S.,Viswanadharn, N.(2007).Analytical Framework for the Management of Risk in Supply Chains.IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,4(2),265-273.
8. Giunipero, L. C.,Eltantawy, R. A.(2004).Securing the Upstream Supply Chain: A Risk Management Approach.International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,34(9),698-713.
9. Harland, C.,Brenchley, R.,Walker, H.(2003).Risk in Supply Networks.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,9(2),51-62.
10. Neiger, D.,Rotarua, K.,Churilov, L.(2009).Supply Chain Risk Identification with Value-Focused Process Engineering.Journal of Operations Management,27(2),154-168.
11. Norrman, A.,Jansson, U.(2004).Ericsson's Proactive Supply Chain Risk Management Approach after a Serious Sub-Supplier Accident.International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,34(5),434-456.
12. Reason, J.(1990).Human Error.Cambridge, MA:Cambridge University Press.
13. Saaty, T. L.(1980).The Analytic Hierarchy Process.New York:McGraw-Hill.
14. Saaty, T. L.(1996).Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback-the Analytic Network Process.Pittsburgh, USA:RWS Publication.
15. Saaty, T. L.(2003).Decision Making in Complex Environments.Pittsburgh, USA:Super Decisions.
16. Saaty, T. L.,Takizawa, M.(1986).Dependence and Independence: From Linear Hierarchies to Nonlinear Networks.European Journal of Operational Research,26(2),229-237.
17. Schoenherr, T.,Tummala, V. M. R.,Harrison, T. P.(2008).Assessing Supply Chain Risks with the Analytic Hierarchy Process-Providing Decision Support for the Offshoring Decision by a US Manufacturing Company.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,14(2),100-111.
18. Sitkin, S. B.,Pablo, A. L.(1992).Reconceptualizing the Determinants of Risk Behavior.Academy of Management Review,17(1),9-38.
19. Wu, T.,Blackhurst, J.,Chidambaram, V.(2006).A Model for Inbound Supply Risk Analysis.Computers in Industry,57(4),350-352.
20. Zadeh, L. A.(1965).Fuzzy Sets.Information and Control,8(3),338-353.
21. Zsidisin, G. A.,Ellram, L. M.,Carter, J. R.,Cavinato, J. L.(2003).A Grounded Definition of Supply Risk.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,9(5),217-224.
22. Zsidisin, G. A.,Ellram, L. M.,Carter, J. R.,Cavinato, J. L.(2002).Managerial Perceptions of Supply Risk.Journal of Supply Chain Management,39(1),14-26.
23. Zsidisin, G. A.,Ellram, L. M.,Carter, J. R.,Cavinato, J. L.(2004).An Analysis of Supply Risk Assessment Techniques.International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,34(5),397-413.
24. 李昀育(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。大葉大學事業經營研究所。
25. 周慧瑜(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學土木工程研究所。
26. 林煌基(1999)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立中山大學資訊管理研究所。
27. 劉志清(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立中正大學會計與資訊科技研究所。

1. 胡宜中、易慧珍、王仁宏(2012)。運用網路程序分析法探討甄選管理師與工程師之關鍵人格特質─以C國營事業為例。人力資源管理學報，12(4)，53-79。
2. 林依瑾、李際偉(2017)。運用失效模式和效應分析探討輸入型供應鏈風險管理之個案研究－以一中小型成衣製造業為例。商管科技季刊，18(2)，123-141。
3. 邱榆淨、邱守序(2018)。汽車製造商自中國採購之供應鏈風險關鍵因素分析。臺大管理論叢，28(2)，61-96。
4. 張佳縈、張志仁、胡宜中、王仁宏(2016)。運用網路分析程序法評選中華汽車電動機車通路經銷商。台北海洋技術學院學報，7(2)，48-78。