應用資料包絡分析法評估兩岸三地國際貨櫃港經營績效之研究

APPLYING DEA TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OFINTERNATIONAL CONTAINER PORTS ACROSS THE TAIWANSTRAIT

10.6402/TPJ.201109.0002

趙時樑(Shih-Liang Chao)；張貞德(Jen-Der Chang)

港口效率 ； 資料包絡分析法 ； 保證區域模式 ； Malmquist 生產力指數 ； Port efficiency ； Data envelopment analysis (DEA) ； Assuranceregion (AR) ； Malmquist productivity index

運輸計劃季刊

40卷3期（2011 / 09 / 30）

233 - 260

繁體中文

由於中國經濟的迅速崛起，直接帶動了中國港口貨櫃量的大幅成長，亦透過兩岸三地特殊的貿易與分工模式造成了香港與臺灣港口貨櫃量的變化。本研究旨在利用資料包絡分析法分析兩岸三地國際貨櫃港口經營績效，作為研擬港口策略與調整資源配置之參考。本研究選取2008年貨櫃裝卸量超過百萬TEU 之兩岸三地16大國際貨櫃港為受評單位（decision making unit, DMU），以六項投入變數（貨櫃船席數、貨櫃船席長度、貨櫃碼頭面積、貨櫃碼頭儲區容量、橋式起重機數與冷凍櫃插座數）與一項產出變數（貨櫃裝卸量）作為效率衡量指標，應用資料包絡分析法之CCR與BCC模式分析其生產、規模與技術效率，並採用保證區域（assurance region, AR）模式來處理傳統CCR模式乘數變動過於自由的問題。此外，本研究利用Malmquist 生產力指數 （malmquist productivity index, MPI）分析各港之跨期經營效率。研究結果顯示，連雲港與寧波港之現況經營效率與兩期MPI值均領先其他港口，表示此二港口經營績效良好，可作為其他港口之參考。

The rapid growth of China's economy has not only caused a boom in its container ports, but also affects the container throughput of the ports across the Taiwan Strait through particular cooperative business models. This study aims to evaluate the performance of 16 international container ports across the Taiwan Strait and identify key factors for allocating operation resources of each port. For each decision making unit (DMU), six inputs (number of container berths, lengths of container berths, terminal areas, yard capacities, number of gantry cranes and number of reefer plugs) and one output (annual container throughput) are taken into account. CCR and BCC models, which are the basic models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) are used to measure the efficiency of each DMU. To deal with the problem of unlimited multipliers, the assurance region (AR) model is deployed to more precisely measure the efficiency of DMU.In addition, the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is also calculated to identify the intertemporal efficiency of each DMU. The analytical results showthat Lianyungang and Ningbo are ahead of other DMUs in terms of current operation efficiency and MPI. Therefore, these two ports can be used as the benchmarks for other DMUs as they have been operated efficiently.

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