臺灣公路系統之脆弱度與回復力評估

VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF HIGHWAY NETWORKS IN TAIWAN

謝承憲(Cheng-Hsien Hsieh)；馮正民(Cheng-Min Feng)

公路系統脆弱度 ； 相互依賴性 ； 回復力 ； 調適策略 ； Highway network vulnerability ； Interdependency ； Resilience ； Adaptation strategies

運輸計劃季刊

45卷3期（2016 / 09 / 30）

235 - 250

繁體中文

由於全球環境變遷引起的極端氣候現象，近年來發生在臺灣地區之自然災害其強度與頻率日益增加，導致人員之傷亡與嚴重之財產損失。關鍵基礎設施受災後若無法發揮功能，除了影響日常生活與經濟活動之持續運作外，更可能因相互依賴性造成其他系統一併失效。關鍵基礎設施中，公路系統對於災害管理之重要性不言可喻，除了資源調度與預先疏散功能外，更直接影響災害應變與復原，尤其是救災物流與救援行動之進行。本研究以社會經濟與環境觀點評估臺灣公路系統之脆弱度與回復力，並將設施與脆弱因子間之相依性納入考量，以臺北都會區路網及日月潭與阿里山二山區公路系統為實際案例進行分析。分析結果顯示，因特定路段失效導致鄰近路段服務水準退化、連結性、及與急救責任醫院之距離係影響都會區路網回復力之關鍵因子；山區公路系統部分，阿里山地區在聯外道路之疏散負荷、流量容量比、及經濟暴露度指標表現較佳，但整體脆弱度卻因平均觀光收益之空氣汙染衝擊及形成孤島之潛在衝擊性遠高於日月潭地區，顯示阿里山地區較缺乏從災害中回復之資源。本研究所建構之分析方法有助於規劃人員瞭解路網系統回復力之評估工具，並協助決策者進行調適策略優先順序之參考，以改善路網受危害影響條件下之服務能力。

Owing to extreme climatic events caused by global environmental changes, the frequency and magnitude of natural hazards in Taiwan have increased in recent years, leading to deaths, injuries, and substantial damages to properties. Disruptions to critical infrastructures have impaired the ability to ensure sustainable daily operations and have caused further failures in other systems. Along with resource allocation and pre-evacuation, highway networks profoundly impact disaster response and recovery, particularly emergency disaster logistics and rescues. This study assesses the vulnerability and resilience of highway networks based on socioeconomic and environmental susceptibilities in Taiwan in regard to failures from the perspectives of interdependency. A metropolitan road network and the mountainous highways are employed as empirical cases. Analytical results demonstrate that the level of service on adjacent links, connectivity, and accessibility for emergency medical facilities significantly impact the resilience of metropolitan highway networks. Alishan performs better in highway loading, level of service, and economic exposure; however, the sustainability of Alishan is more vulnerable than that of Sun Moon Lake because of the more serious impact of emission and fewer disaster recovery resources. The proposed method can assist planners in understanding the assessment tools for highway network resilience and help decision makers prioritize their adaptation strategies to improve serviceability of the road network during hazardous conditions.

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