题名

酒駕重罰下，「喝酒不開車，開車不喝酒」？酒駕政策效果的評估

并列篇名

＂DON'T DRINK AND DRIVE＂?-ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF DRUNK DRIVING POLICES

作者

詹昀姗(Yun-Shan Chan)；尤素娟(Suchuan Yu)；蔡偉德(Wei-Der Tsai)

关键词

酒駕 ； 刑法第185-3條 ； 道路交通管理處罰條例第35條 ； 酒駕行政懲罰 ； 酒駕刑事懲罰 ； Drunk driving ； DUI ； Article 185-3 of Criminal Law ； Article 35 of Road Traffic Management and Punishment Regulations ； administrative punishment for drunk driving ； criminal punishment for drunk driving

期刊名称

運輸計劃季刊

卷期/出版年月

51卷2期（2022 / 06 / 30）

页次

117 - 142

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

政府過去數次修法加重酒駕刑事罰和行政罰，希望全面扼止酒駕事件的發生。本文結合民國97－109年6月內政部警政署交通事故調查報告表資料，評估多次酒駕政策修法的成效。研究結果發現：若以民國97年至100年12月的酒駕狀況為對照組，後續三次修法加重酒駕的處罰，使駕駛人酒駕機率累計下降70%，同時高酒精濃度駕駛人的佔比也明顯降低。此外，我們的估計結果顯示：民國101－109年間酒駕罰則的修法，使酒駕肇事的死亡人數累計減少2,498人，但受傷人數卻無明顯變化，可能的原因是中低酒測值之酒駕者人數的提高，造成受傷人數的增加，抵消了因高酒測值者下降所減少受傷的人數。歷次嚴懲酒駕的修法的確對降低酒駕行為有明顯的成效，但未能完全促使駕駛人分離“飲酒＂與“開車＂的行為，達到「喝酒不開車，開車不喝酒」的政策目的。
英文摘要

This paper empirically analyzes the effects of drunk driving policies. Since 2008, the government has revised criminal law 185-3 and article 35 of Road Traffic Management and Punishment Regulations, aiming to eliminate drunk driving events by increasing criminal and administrative punishments for drunk driving. Based on the 2008-2020 Investigation Report of Traffic Accidents from the National Police Agency, Ministry of the Interior, we assessed the effectiveness of the multiple amendments to the drunk driving policies in reducing drunk drivers and alcohol-related casualties. Taking the drunk driving ratio from 2008 to early December 2011 as the control group, we found that the three subsequent amendments of drunk driving policies until June 2020 did cumulatively reduce the probability of drunk driving by 70%. The distribution curve of the BrAC value of drunk drivers who took the alcohol test also shifted to the left; in other words, drunk drivers drink less in response to severe punishments. The three subsequent amendments to the drunk driving policies also reduced the alcohol-related mortality by 2,498 deaths but did not significantly reduce the overall number of injured. A plausible reason might be that the increase of low/middle BrAC drivers may cause a rise in injuries, but it offsets the reduced injuries associated with fewer high BrAC drivers. The new policies did not wholly persuade the drivers to separate the ＂drinking＂ and ＂driving＂ and achieve the goal of ＂do not drink and drive.＂ Our results offer policy implications for further deterrence of drunk driving.
主题分类 工程學 > 交通運輸工程
社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 蔡中志,洪嘉臨(2013)。高速公路酒駕肇事與酒駕執法社經因素關聯性之研究。都市交通，27-28，54-64。
    連結：
  2. 蔡偉德(2019)。酒駕罰則是否有效抑制酒駕？中斷點迴歸設計的應用。經濟論文叢刊，47(1)，75-126。
    連結：
  3. Ahlin, E. M.,Zador, P. L.,Rauch, W. J.,Howard, J. M.,Duncan G. D.(2011).First-time DWI offenders are at risk of recidivating regardless of sanctions imposed.Journal of Criminal Justice,39(2),137-142.
  4. Albalate, D.(2008).Lowering Blood Alcohol Content Levels to Save Lives: The European Experience.Journal of Polices Analysis and Management,27(1),20-39.
  5. Carpenter, C. S.,Kloska, D. D.,O’Malley, P.,Johnston, L.(2007).Alcohol Control Policies and Youth Alcohol Consumption: Evidence from 28 Years of Monitoring the Future.The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy,7(1),1-21.
  6. Chan, Y. S.,Chen, C. S.,Huang L.,Peng, Y. I.(2017).Sanction Changes and Drunk-Driving Injuries/Deaths in Taiwan.Accident Analysis and Prevention,107,102-109.
  7. Chang, H.,Chang, K.,Fan, E.(2020).The Intended and Unintended Effects of Drunk Driving Policies.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,82(1),23-49.
  8. Chang, K.,Wu, C. C.,Ying, Y. H.(2012).The Effectiveness of Alcohol Control Policies on Alcohol-Related Traffic Fatalities in the United States.Accident Analysis and Prevention,45,406-415.
  9. Cook, P. J.,Durrance, C. P.(2013).The Virtuous Tax: Lifesaving and Crime-Prevention Effects of the 1991 Federal Alcohol-Tax Increase.Journal of Health Economics,32(1),261-267.
  10. Cullen, F. T.,Jonson, C. L.,Nagin, D. S.(2011).Prisons Do Not Reduce Recidivism: The High Cost of Ignoring Science.The Prison Journal,91,48-65.
  11. De Figueiredo, M.(2011).Do Sentencing Enhancements for Drunk Driving Decrease Recidivism? A Regression Discontinuity Approach.SSRN Electronic Journal
  12. Dee, T. S.(1999).State Alcohol Policies, Teen Drinking and Traffic Fatalities.Journal of Public Economics,72(2),289-315.
  13. Elder, R. W.,Lawre, B.,Ferguson, A.,Naimi, T. S.,Brewer, R. D.,Chattopadhyay, S. K.,Toomey, T. L.,Fielding, J. E.(2010).The Effectiveness of Tax Policy Intervention for Reducing Excessive Alcohol Consuumption and Related Harms.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,38(2),217-229.
  14. Green, C. P.,Heywood, J. S.,Navarro, M.(2014).Did Liberalizing Bar Hours Decrease Traffic Accidents?.Journal of Health Economics,35,189-198.
  15. Hansen, B.(2015).Punishment and Deterrence: Evidence from Drunk Driving.The American Economic Review,105(4),1581-1617.
  16. Jackson, C. K.,Owens, E. G.(2011).One for the Road: Public Transportation, Alcohol Consumption, and Intoxicated Driving.Journal of Public Economics,95(1),106-121.
  17. Lapham, S. C.,Stout, R.,Laxton, G.,Skipper, B. J.(2011).Persistence of Addictive Disorders in a first-Offender Driving while Impaired Population.Archives of General Psychiatry,68(11),1151-1157.
  18. Levitt, S. D.,Porter, J.(2001).How Dangerous Are Drinking Drivers?.Journal of Political Economy,109(6),1198-1237.
  19. Liang, L.,Huang J.(2008).Go Out or Stay in? The Effects of Zero Tolerance Laws on Alcohol Use and Drinking and Driving Patterns Among College Students.Health Economics,17(11),1261-1275.
  20. Loeffler, C. E.(2013).Does Imprisonment Alter the life-Course? Evidence on Crime and Employment from a Natural Experiment.Criminology,51(1),137-166.
  21. Lovenheim, M. F.,Slemrod, J.(2010).The Fatal Toll of Driving to Drink: The Effect of Minimum Legal Drinking Age Evasion on Traffic Fatalities.Journal of Health Economics,29,62-77.
  22. Marowitz, L. A.(1998).Predicting DUI Recidivism: Blood Alcohol Concentration and Driver Record Factors.Accident Analysis and Prevention,30(4),545-554.
  23. Miller, P. G.,Curtis, A.,Sønderlund, A.,Day, A.,Droste, N.(2015).Effectiveness of Interventions for Convicted DUI Offenders in Reducing Recidivism: A Systematic Review of the Peer-reviewed Scientific Literature.The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,41(1),16-29.
  24. Miron, J. A.,Tetelbaum, E.(2009).Does the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Save Lives?.Economic Inquiry,47(2),317-336.
  25. Nagin, D. S.,Snodgrass, G. M.(2013).The Effect of Incarceration on Re-Offending: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Pennsylvania.Journal of Quantitative Criminology,29(4),601-642.
  26. Saffer, H.(1997).Alcohol Advertising and Motor Vehicle Fatalities.The Review of Economics and Statistics,79(3),431-442.
  27. Schell, T. L.,Chan, K. S.,Morral, A. R.(2006).Predicting DUI Recidivism: Personality, Attitudinal, and Behavioral Risk Factors.Drug and Alcohol Dependence,82(1),33-40.
  28. Sloan, F. A.,Gifford, E. J.,Eldred, L. M.,McCutchan, S. A.(2016).Does the Probability of DWI Arrest Fall Following Participation in DWI and Hybrid Drug Treatment Court Programs?.Accident Analysis and Prevention,97,197-205.
  29. Wagenaar, A. C.,Maldonado-Molina, M. M.,Erickson, D. J.,Ma, L.,Tobler, A. L.,Komro, K. A.(2007).General Deterrence Effects of US Statutory DUI Fine and Jail Penalties: long-Term Follow-Up in 32 States.Accident Analysis & Prevention,39(5),982-994.
  30. Ying, Y. H.,Wu, C. C.,Chang, K.(2013).The Effectiveness of Drinking and Driving Policies for Different Alcohol-Related Fatalities: A Quantile Regression Analysis.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,10,4628-4644.
  31. 吳姿螢(2014)。國立臺北大學犯罪學研究所。
  32. 林俊杰(2013)。重刑化刑事政策實證效能之研究—以酒後駕車犯罪為例。檢協會訊，92，5-9。
  33. 陳高村,郭佩霞(2014)。酒駕處罰加重立法前後執法與判決結果特性分析。103 年道路交通安全與執法研討會論文集
  34. 葉名山,鍾文,劉欣憲(2009)。道路事故發生與警方執法強度之關聯性研究─以臺中縣為例。中華民國運輸學會第 24 屆研討會
  35. 劉桂文(2014)。國立中興大學國家政策與公共事務研究所。
  36. 魏健宏,胡守任,羅淑賢,朱禮伶(2008)。酒後駕車之取締數與酒測值對交通肇事之影響以臺南市為例。97 年道路交通安全與執法研討會論文集
print cancel