台灣都市生產者服務業動態外部之實證

Dynamic Externalities in Urban Producer Service Industry

楊重信(Chung-Hsin Yang)；林育諄(Yu-Zhun Lin)

生產者服務業 ； 動態外部 ； 產業專業化動態外部 ； 產業多樣化動態外部 ； 人力資本外部 ； Producer service industry ； Dynamic externalities ； MAR specialization economies ； Jacobs' diversity economies ； Human capital externalities

都市與計劃

30卷2期（2003 / 08 / 01）

91 - 107

繁體中文

本研究利用工商普查之廠商資料，分別計算台灣各都市全體服務業與生產者服務業之就業人數及相關變數資料，然後採用類似Glaeser等人（1992）與Henderson， Kuncoro and Turner（1995）之實證方法，實證台灣都市全體服務業及生產者服務業之動態外部。實證結果發現：（1）都市全體服務業有顯著之MAR專業化動態外部經濟、Jacobs產業多樣化動態外部經濟、Porter地方競爭動態外部不經濟、以及人力資本動態外部經濟；但是沒有國際機場與國際港口可及性外部經濟；（2）都市生產者服務業有顯著之MAR專業化動態外部經濟、人力資本動態外部經濟、以及國際機場可及性外部經濟等之存在；但是沒有Jacobs產業多樣化動態外部經濟、以及以國際港口衡量之可及性外部經濟之存在。

This paper employs the approach developed by Glaeser et al.(1992) and Henderson, Kuncoro and Turner (1995) to empirically test the existence of the dynamic externalities in urban producer service industry in Taiwan. The literature on dynamic externalities tests has been primarily focused on the urban manufacturing industry, the present paper on the contrary aims at testing the dynamic externalities in urban producer service industry. The 1986 and 1996 Survey of Industry and Commerce data is employed to construct the variables needed for empirical tests. The major findings include: (1). The total urban service industry receives MAR dynamic economies, Jacobs' diversity economies, Porter's local competition diseconomies, and the human capital economies, while it has no external economies associated with the accessibility to international market. (2). The urban producer service industries receive the MAR dynamic economies, Porter's local competition diseconomies, human capital economies, and the external economies associated with the accessibility to the international airports, but no Jacobs' diversity economies and the external economies associated with the accessibility to the international seaports.

1. 金家禾 Ching, Chia-Ho(2001)。全球化與台灣都會區生產者服務業之發展 Globalization and the Development Producer Services in Taiwan's Metropolises。都市與計劃 City and Planning，28(4)
   連結：
2. Arrow, K. J.(1962).The economic implications of learning by doing.Review of Economic Studies,29
3. Berliant, M., 彭信坤 Peng, Shin-Kun, 王平 Wang, Ping(2002).Production externalities and urban configuration.Journal of Economic Theory,104
4. Chinitz, B.(1961).Contrasts in agglomeration: New York and Pittsburgh.American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings,51
5. Coffey, W. J., Bailly, A. S.(1992).Producer services and system of Flexible production.Urban Studies,29
6. Coffey, W. J., Bailly, A. S.(1991).Producer services and flexible production: an exploratory analysis.Growth and Change,22
7. Coffey, W. J., Polese, M.(1989).Producer services and regional development: a policy-oriented perspective.Papers of the Regional Science Association,67
8. Coffey, W. J., Polese, M., Drolet, R.(1996).Examining the thesis of CBD decline: evidence from the Montreal Area.Environment and Planning A,28
9. Davis, H. C., Hutton, T. A.(1981).Some planning implications of the growth of the urban service sector.Plan Canada,21
10. Davis, H. C., Hutton, T. A.(1985).The role of office location in regional town centre planning and metropolitan multinucleation: The case of Vancouver.Canadian Journal of Regional Science,8
11. Dorfman, N.(1988).The Massachusetts Miracle: High Technology and Economic Revitalization.Cambridge:MIT Press.
12. Glaeser, E. L., Kalla, H. D., Scheinkman, J. A., Shleifer, A.(1992).Growth in cities.Journal of Political Economy,100(6)
13. Goe, W. Richard(1990).Producer services, trade and the social division of labor.Regional Studies,24(4)
14. Goe, W. Richard(1991).The growth of producer services industries: sorting through the externalization debate.Growth and Change,22(4)
15. Hanson, N.(1990).Do producer services induce regional economic development?.Journal of Regional Science,30(4)
16. Henderson, V.(1997).Externalities and industrial development.Journal of Urban Economics,42
17. Henderson, V., Kuncoro, A., Turner, M.(1995).Industrial development in cities.Journal of Political Economy,103(5)
18. Hoover, E. M.(1937).Location Theory and the Shoe and Leather Industries.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press.
19. Isard, W.(1956).Location and Space-Economy.Cambridge, Mass:The MIT Press.
20. Jacobs, J.(1969).The Economy of Cities.New York:Vintage.
21. Kirn, T. J.(1987).Growth and change in the service sector of the US: a spatial perspective.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,77
22. Lucas, R. E.(1988).On the mechanics of economic development.Journal of Monetary Economics,22
23. Marshall, A.(1890).Principle of Economics.London:Macmillan.
24. Michalak, W. Z., Fairbairn, K. J.(1993).The producer service complex of edmonton: the role and organization of producer service firms in a peripheral City.Environment and Planning A,25
25. Noyelle, T., Stanback, T.(1984).The Economic Transformation of American Cities.NJ:Rowman and Allanheld.
26. Parr, J. B.(2002).Agglomeration economies: Ambiguities and Confusions.Environment and Planning A,34
27. Perry, M.(1990).The internationalization of advertising.Geoforum,21(1)
28. Porter, M. E.(1980).Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors.New York:Free Press.
29. Porter, M. E.(1990).The Competitive Advantage of Nations.New York:Free Press.
30. Pred, A.(1977).City System in Advanced economies.New York:Halstead Press.
31. Romer, P. M.(1986).Increasing returns and long-run growth.Journal of Political Economy,94
32. Romer, P. M.(1990).Endogenous technological change.Journal of Political Economy,98(5)
33. Schumpter, J. A.(1942).Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy.New York:Harper.
34. Selya, R. M.(1994).Taiwan as a service economy.Geoforum,25(3)
35. Stanback, T.(1979).Understanding the Service Economy.Baltimore:The John Hopkins University Press.
36. Tshetter, J.(1987).Producer service industries: Why are they growing so rapidly?.Environment and Planning A,19
37. 王憶靜(1996)。國立政治大學地政學研究所。
38. 行政院主計處(1986)。中華民國台閩地區工商普查報告。
39. 台灣地區人力資源消費統計年報
40. 徐千雲(1998)。國立中興大學都市計劃研究所。
41. 楊重信 Yang, Chung-Hsin(2001)。台灣都市製造業動態外部之實證。2001年中華民國區域科學學會研討會論文集（B）
42. 薛立敏 Hsueh, Li-Min、 杜英儀 Tu, Ying-Yi、 王素彎 Wang, Su-Wan(1993)。生產性服務業與製造業互動關係之研究生產性服務業與製造業互動關係之研究,行政院經濟建設委員會。
43. 薛立敏 Hsueh, Li-Min、 杜英儀 Tu, Ying-Yi、 王素彎 Wang, Su-Wan(1995)。台灣生產性服務業之發展與展望。財團法人中華經濟研究院。
44. 邊泰明 Ben, Tai-Ming(1997)。生產性服務業區位與區域發展之研究生產性服務業區位與區域發展之研究,行政院國家科學委員會。

1. 白仁德(2007)。台灣運輸工具製造業群聚版圖變遷之研究。建築與規劃學報，8(2)，139-153。
2. 陳皇仁、胡志平(2011)。都市化與居住隔離之探討─以台北縣原住民為例。建築與規劃學報，12(1)，75-91。
3. 陳協勝、吳濟華、王翔煒(2008)。科技產業聚集創新之動態外部效果實證研究。管理學報，25(2)，133-149。
4. 林淑雯(2010)。地區環境、網絡與廠商研發投入—台灣製造業的實證分析。規劃學報，36，1-22。
5. (2011)。都市化與居住隔離之探討－以台北縣原住民為例。藝術研究學報，4(2)，75-91。