家戶就業結構與通勤選擇之變遷分析－論1990年和2000年間台北市的變化

Changing Strudies on Households' Employment Structures and Commuting Decisions-Evidence Based on 1990's and 2000's Data for Taipei, Taiwan

10.6128/CP.31.4.295

陳淑美(Shu-Mei Chen)；張金鶚(Chin-Oh Chang)

雙薪家戶 ； 單薪家戶 ； 通勤選擇 ； Double-income households ； Single income households ； Commuting decisions

都市與計劃

31卷4期（2004 / 12 / 01）

295 - 312

繁體中文

有鑒於1990年到2000年，台灣的家戶屬性和都市環境有很大的變化，本文的主要目的欲探討：一、在住宅市場環境與交通條件改善下，家戶的住宅消費和通勤決策的相互關係為何。二、在女性經濟位階明顯提升後，檢驗家庭責任義務假說和相關資源與決策權力假說是否隨著時間變遷而有不同的證據。三、個人通勤選擇受到配偶就業與所得差距等互動因素的影響，隨著時間變遷，夫妻所得差距的影響是否有不同的變化。實證分析採用1990年及2000年戶口及住宅普查台北市的資料，以羅吉迴歸模型分析家戶成員遷移後的通勤選擇，並比較a10年來影響通勤決策的因素是否有顯著的不同。研究發現：隨著時間的變遷，住宅消費和通勤成本抵換的效果減弱，照顧小孩的家庭責任對女性的通勤選擇造成的影響減弱，夫妻所得差距對妻子選擇通勤距離的影響也減弱。

From 1990 to 2000, the population characteristics and urban environments in Taipei changed a lot. The purposes of this paper are three-fold. First, we analyze the interaction relationships between housing consumption and commuting distances under changing housing markets and traffic conditions. Second, we examine hypotheses relating to relative resources and decision-making powers and family responsibilities and obligations, concerning commuting decisions over time. Third, individual commuting decisions are affected by the labor participation of the spouse and the income gap between the husband and wife in the family. As time goes by, the income gap between husband and wife in double-income families implies a gap in economic resources owned by the couple, and is expected to have weaker impacts on commuting decisions over time. The empirical study employs the ordinal logistic regression model and uses data from the 1990's and 2000's Census of Population and Housing in Taiwan to examine the following hypotheses. The empirical evidence suggests that the trade-off effect between housing consumption and commuting costs becomes less strong. The household responsibility to take care of children plays a less important role in influencing women's commuting decisions than before. The income gaps between husband and wife have weaker impacts on wives' commuting decisions.

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