考量專程與順道購物旅次之社區與鄰里商業中心區位規劃模型

Location-Allocation Model for Community and Neighborhood Commercial Centers with Considerations of Purpose and Pass-by Shopping Trips

10.6128/CP.33.3.205

林楨家(Jen-Jia Lin)；蔡耀慶(Yau-Ching Tsai)

商業中心 ； 區位規劃模型 ； 多目標規劃 ； Commercial center ； Location-allocation model ； Multiple objective programming

都市與計劃

33卷3期（2006 / 09 / 01）

205 - 229

繁體中文

社區與鄰里商業中心目的在服務社區居民日常生活消費與服務的需求，其「區位」的優劣對於經營管理與服務績效有很重大的影響。本研究目的在設計社區與鄰里商業中心區位規劃模型，以處理服務專程與順道兩種購物旅次間的權衡關係。模式結合涵蓋問題(Covering problem, CP)與流量截取問題(Flow capturing location-allocation problem, FCLAP)，目標式同時考量專程購物旅次之「涵蓋人口最大化」以及順道購物旅次之「截取顧客最大化」，主要限制條件包括服務範圍不重疊、服務比例上限以及欲設置設施數等，模型屬於多目標混合整數二次規劃，使用權重法求得非劣解集作為替選方案。研究中對高雄縣五甲社區進行實例分析，發現原計畫是以服務社區居民的專程購物旅次為主要考量，而實際零售活動的分布卻集中在人口密集與順道旅次眾多的節點週圍。研究也發現社區內外的高低階服務吸引力對區位規劃結果有高度的影響，當商業中心吸引力大於週邊的零售商店時，產生的替選方案在目標表現及數量上均獲得很大的提升。

Community and neighborhood (C/N) commercial centers provide residents with their daily living needs. Location is essential to commercial centers. This study develops a novel location-allocation model for determining the locations of C/N commercial centers that accommodates the trade-off relationships between purpose shopping trips and pass-by shopping trips. The proposed model integrates the covering problem and flow capturing problem. Two objectives are considered simultaneously: maximizing covered residents (purpose trips) and maximizing captured customers (pass-by trips). The major constraints are as follows: no overlapping of service area among facilities; total number of centers; and, the upper bound of service ratio. The model is developed to multi-objective mixed integer quadratic programming. The model is solved using a weighting method to generate non-inferior solutions as alternatives for further evaluation. This study applied the proposed model to analyze Wu-Chia community in Kaohsiung. Analytical results indicate that the distribution of planned commercial centers is similar to an alternative generated by the proposed model. This alternative considers covered residents, i.e., purpose trips, in the community. Conversely, existing commercial facilities are located along the arterials without the consideration of the service area. Another important finding is that the attractiveness of commercial facilities significantly influences planning results, especially when the attractiveness of C/N commercial centers exceeds that of other retailing facilities located outside the community.

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