清潔發展機制、知識累積與溫室氣體減量策略之研究

Clean Development Mechanism, Knowledge Accumulation, and Greenhouse Gases Abatement Strategy

10.6128/CP.34.1.39

李堅明(Chien-Ming Lee)；曾瓊瑤(Chiung-Yao Tseng)；李叢禎(Tsung-Chen Lee)

清潔發展機制 ； 知識累積效果 ； 碳稅 ； 溫室氣體減量 ； Clean development mechanism ； Knowledge accumulation ； GHGs abatement ； Carbon tax

都市與計劃

34卷1期（2007 / 03 / 01）

39 - 56

繁體中文

溫室氣體防治的知識累積效果，將影響政府溫室氣體防治策略，本文結合投資誘發技術創新與學習兩種知識累積效果，分析國家參與清潔發展機制(clean development mechanism, CDM)之國內溫室氣體防治策略擬定問題。研究結果發現：(1)由於存在投資誘發技術創新知識累積效果，政府宜採取低碳稅稅率政策，從而產生國內防治行為的跨期替代效果，獲得各期防治水準較平均之結果；(2)給定總投資水準相同下，CDM投資國之最適碳稅稅率較未參與CDM投資國為低；(3)碳稅稅率與排放減量權證(certified emission reduction, CERs)價格呈正相關，且國內防治量與該國CERs銷售量具抵換(trade-off)關係；(4)CDM地主國具有知識累積效益，因此，即使CERs分配量為零，地主國仍有CDM投資需求；(5)由於地主國的學習效果大於投資國的學習效果，故地主國可採取較低碳稅稅率政策。

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) positively affects knowledge accumulation, subsequently influencing national greenhouse gases (GHGs) abatement strategies. In considering both R&D-based and learning-by-doing-based knowledge accumulation, this study explores proper domestic climate policy design for countries participating in the CDM. Study finding are summarized as follows. First, in the presence of R&D-based knowledge accumulation, it is best to implement a low carbon tax policy to induce an inter-temporal substitution effect for GHGs abatement. Second, the carbon tax rate is positively correlated with prices of certified emission reductions (CERs), and a trade-off exists between levels of domestic reduction and the amount of CERs sold. Third, due to knowledge accumulation, host countries still have CDM investment demand even when they do not get CERs from a CDM project. Finally, the learning effect resulting from a CDM project suggests that a host country can implement a low carbon tax rate policy.

1. Fischer, C.,Parry. I. W. H.,Pixer, W. A.(2003).Instrument choice for environment protection when technological innovation is endogenous.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,45,523-545.
2. Goulder, L. H.,Schneider, S.(1999).Induced technological change, crowding out, and the attractiveness of CO2 emission abatement.Resource of Energy Economic,21,211-253.
3. Goulder, L.,Mathai, K.(2000).Optimal CO2 abatement in the presence of induced technological change.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,39,1-38.
4. Ha-Duong, M.,Grubb, M.,Houreade, J-C.(1996).Optimal emission paths towards CO2 stabilization and the cost of deferring abatement: The influence of inertia and uncertainty.Working Paper
5. IPCC(2001).Climate Change 2001.Synthesis Report
6. Jepma, C. J.(2003).The EU emissions trading scheme (ETS): How linked to JI / CDM?.Climate Policy,3,89-94.
7. Jotzo, F.,Miehaelnwa, A.(2002).Estimating the CDM market under the marrakech accords.Climate Policy,2,179-196.
8. Kemfert, C.(2002).Global economic implications of altemative climate policy strategies.Environmental Science and Policy,5,367-384.
9. Manne, A.,Riehels, R.(2004).The impact of learning-by-doing on the timing and costs of CO2 abatement.Energy Economics,26,603-619.
10. Michaelowa, A.,Stronzik, M. F.,Eekermann,Hunt, A.(2003).Transaction Costs of the Kyoto Mechanisms.Climate Policy,3,261-278.
11. Nordhaus, W. D.,Yang, Z.(1996).A Regional Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of Alternative Climate Change Strategies.American Economic Review,86,741-765.
12. Subak, S.(2002).Forest certification eligibility as a screen for CDM sinks projects.Climate Policy,2,335-351.
13. Tian, L.,Wang, Y.,Guo, J.(2003).A Comparative economic analysis of the contribution of nuclear seawater desalination to environmental protection using the clean development mechanism (CDM).Desalination,157,289-296.
14. Wigley, T. M. L.,Riehels, R.,Edmonds, J. A.(1996).Economic and environmental choices in the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations.Nature,379,240-243.
15. Zhang, Z. X.(2002)。The economic effect of an alternative EU emissions policy。Journal of Policy Modeling，24，667-677。
16. 李堅明,林幸樺(2002).清潔發展機制最新發展與抑制溫室效應之研究.第八屆海峽兩岸環境保護研討會論文集,新竹市: