都市周邊土地使用與地表覆蓋變遷：驅動力與環境變遷議題

Land Use and Land Cover Change in Peri-Urban Areas: Driving Forces and Environmental Issues

10.6128/CP.36.4.361

王思樺(Szu-Hua Wang)；張力方(Li-Fang Chang)

都市周邊地區 ； 土地使用與地表覆蓋變遷 ； 都市蔓延 ； 衛星影像 ； 社經資料 ； 生態系統服務 ； Peri-urban area ； Land use and land cover change ； Urban sprawl ； Satellite images ； Social-economic data ； Ecosystem service

都市與計劃

36卷4期（2009 / 12 / 01）

361 - 385

繁體中文

都市周邊地區位於都市與鄉村之間，擁有豐富的自然資源基礎，並提供都市維生系統所需，同時也受到都市成長與污染排放等人類活動影響，而產生劇烈且快速的改變。都市周邊地區通常爲土地管理機關所忽略，在經濟發展與都市蔓延的影響下，土地使用與地表覆蓋變遷急遽，也造就其脆弱與敏感的自然環境與生態系統服務。本研究以台北－桃園地區爲範圍，結合衛星影像之判識結果與社經統計資料，透過都市蔓延假說之建立與驗證，分析影響都市周邊地區土地使用與地表覆蓋變遷的驅動因子。研究結果顯示台北－桃園地區1990年前後驅動都市蔓延的因子有所不同。在1971年至1990年間，都市蔓延情形與工商及服務業全年生產總額增加率有顯著的關聯，地勢平坦的非都市地區也會影響都市蔓延的程度；而1990年至2006年間，都市蔓延與距離都市中心遠近的關連性顯著，且地勢平坦的非都市地區影響都市蔓延的程度更爲明顯。本文並依據台北-桃園地區都市蔓延程度的分佈，討論其都市周邊地區環境變遷議題，包括景觀資源、生態資源、水資源與農地資源等衝擊，以及供給服務、調節服務以及文化服務等功能的損害。

Peri-urban areas, between urban and rural-urban areas, have abundant natural resource bases which provide the necessities of a life-supporting system in urban areas. As impacts of urban growth and pollution by human activities, landscape features in peri-urban areas are subject to rapid modifications. Under the impacts of economic development and urban sprawl, changes to land use and land cover in peri-urban areas are typically rapid, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the natural environment and ecosystem services, an outcome often ignored by governments. This study establishes urban sprawl hypotheses regarding the forces driving land use and land cover changes in the Taipei-Taoyuan peri-urban areas. The chi-square test is applied to test these hypotheses using the interpreted remote sensing images and socio-economic data. Analytical results indicate that the driving forces in the Taipei-Taoyuan area differ between 1971-1990 and 1990-2006. During 1971-1990, urban sprawl and economic development were strongly correlated. On the contrary, urban sprawl is based on distance from an urban center after 1990. Additionally, the correlation between urban sprawl and plain non-urban districts during 1990-2006 is stronger than that during 1971-1990. This study also discusses environmental issues and their impacts on ecosystem service functions in the Taipei-Taoyuan peri-urban area that cause urban sprawl.

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