因應氣候變遷之國土調適策略－以台灣沿海地區為例

Adapting Land Use Policy in the Face of Climate Change: The Case of Coastal Areas in Taiwan

10.6128/CP.37.1.47

郭翡玉(Fei-Yu Kuo)

脆弱度 ； 調適力 ； 土地使用規劃 ； 海岸管理 ； Vulnerability ； Adaptation ； Land use planning ； Coastal zone management

都市與計劃

37卷1期（2010 / 03 / 01）

47 - 69

繁體中文

氣候變遷的課題是人類而臨最大的挑戰之一。台灣地理環境特殊，自然條件原本就相對較爲脆弱，縱觀近年台灣天然災害，已呈現大規模化、高頻率化、多樣化與複雜化的趨勢。故對氣候變遷衝擊、脆弱度評估及調適之研究更爲緊要相關研究。爲降低氣候變遷之負而影響，學術界及實務界都肯定利用土地使用規劃對減輕天然災害風險之重要性。氣候變遷的對策應該以社會的調適，(adaptation)爲主，災害減輕爲輔，要做到社會的調適，傳統由上而下的管制制度是無效的，必須改變各級政府的決策組織與制度，讓各級政府自動調整決策考量因素，將氣候變遷納入考量，改變社會變遷的方向，才能降低氣候變遷造成的損失。本文提供一氣候變遷脆弱度評估及調適策略分析之架構，並探討台灣沿海地區對氣候變遷之脆弱度分析，及建議沿海地區國土改造與氣候變遷之調適策略。氣候變遷衝擊、脆弱度評估及調適是互相關聯的。因而在氣候變遷影響下，必須審慎思考如何改善環境脆弱度，及早採行有效因應對策，提高社會整體抗災能力，減輕災害事件所造成之損失與衝擊。而國土規劃及管理之因應氣候變遷及全球化亟需調整，包括土地政策、土地權屬、土地使用結構，及土地行政管理皆應做結構性調整，以期達成永續發展之目標。而有效氣候調適策略，是跨部門的，評估過程應同時考量實質環境、社會及制度而之的因素，以期有效落實。

Climate change poses a major challenge facing humans in the 21(superscript st) century. Taiwan is known worldwide for its susceptibility to natural hazards, including earthquakes, landslides, and hoods. Research on climate impact, vulnerability and adaptation thus is urgently needed. Many scientists and policy makers see adaptation as a powerful means of reducing the negative impacts of climate change. Adaptation to climate change is intended to reduce the risks and damage associated with development under extreme climate events. This work presents an analytical framework for assessing the vulnerability of people and places to climate change and its adaptation. The proposed framework indicates that climate impact, vulnerability and adaptation assessment are interrelated. Adaptation comprises two types: autonomous and planned (or societal) adaptation. Autonomous adaptation occurs at the level of individuals, both human and species. Meanwhile, planned adaptation denotes societal intervention via policy. Regarding policy intervention, capacity building for adapting climate change must focus on controlling and managing land resources, particularly in the context of agriculture and related activities, forestry and grasslands, water resources, and human settlements. Sustainable land use planning and management is considered the most promising measure of policy intervention for reducing the risks associated with climate change. To cope with the cross-sectoral issues of land use planning and management, cost-effective adaptation decision-making must consider the bio-physical, social and institutional aspects of the environment.