外部衝擊、區域經濟回復力之構成及作用機制

External Shocks, and the Construction and Functioning Mechanisms of Regional Economic Resilience

10.6128/CP.44.1.1

陳良治(Liang-Chih Chen)；田孟凌(Meng-Ling Tien)

回復力 ； 區域經濟 ； 台灣工具機產業 ； 產業群聚 ； 外部衝擊 ； Resilience ； Regional economies ； Taiwan's machine tool industry ； Industrial clusters ； External shocks

都市與計劃

44卷1期（2017 / 03 / 31）

1 - 25

繁體中文

意識到近來愈加頻繁的全球金融危機及經濟大蕭條，區域發展領域的學者開始關注這些事件對地方及區域經濟長期發展的影響。特別是一些發展已趨成熟的傳統產業區域，由於更容易受到全球化發展的負面影響，如何讓這些區域有能力因應突發之重大衝擊，便成了區域發展研究及政策的重要議題。在此情形下，近來關於區域經濟發展及演化的文獻，也從原先多著重在區域成長機制，擴展至區域回復力面向的探討。據此，本研究以台灣工具機產業群聚為案例，先指認這個台灣著名之產業長期發展過程中所面臨的重大衝擊，並藉由本文所建構的區域經濟回復力分析架構，分別探討區域經濟體經歷不同性質之衝擊時，如何發揮其回復力，以及影響這個過程的重要因素。本研究發現，根據外部衝擊性質不同，區域經濟體會經由不同能動者 (agency) 的介入進行回應。以台灣工具機產業群聚為例，遭逢屬於主要市場受挫型的衝擊，其是在企業家的主導下，動員公司內及群聚內的資源，使能有效採行開拓或分散市場的策略；面對國際金融危機型衝擊時，則是透過學習與跨廠商聯盟，進行產業的再結構，提升整體產業競爭力；而碰到大型天災，則受益於群聚內部之網絡式協力生產組織，使得廠商受損的生產能力能快速恢復。其中企業家精神、產業結構、公部門協助與社會資本，分別按不同類型的外部衝擊進行互動產生區域經濟回復力。

Regional economic resilience has gained increasing prominence in studies of regional development in the past decade. Acknowledging the recent frequent emergence of global financial crisis or economic depression, the impacts of these events on the long-term local and regional development have become the subjects of concern. More specifically, as the sustained development of some mature traditional industrial regions are more easily subject to the negative influences of the current global economy, how these regions respond unexpected major shocks and undergo structure readjustments have become the important issues in studying regional development. In this context, recently, the discussions of regional development have shifted from the study of regional growth to the understanding of regional resilience in response to various external shocks. Based on these ideas, this paper uses Taiwan's machine tool cluster as the empirical case to study how a regional economy exerts its resilience in response to various external shocks, and critical factors influencing the processes of the development of regional economic resilience.

1. Wang, J. H.(2007).From technological catch-up to innovation-based economic growth: South Korea and Taiwan compared.Journal of Development Studies,43(6),1084-1104.
   連結：
2. Schumpeter, J. (1934), The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge: Harvard University Press
3. Gardner Publications(2015). 2014 World Machine Tool Output and Consumption Survey, Gardner Business Media Inc., http://www.gardnerweb.com/articles/2015-world-machine-tooloutput-and-consumption-survey, June 15, 2015
4. Alexander, A.(1990).Adaptation to Change in the U.S. Machine Tool Industry and the Effects of Government Policy.Santa Monica:Rand.
5. Arthur, W. B.(1994).Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy.Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.
6. Bailey, D.,de Propris, L.(2014).Editorial: Recession, recovery and resilience?.Regional Studies,48(11),1757-1760.
7. Bathelt, H.,Munro, A. K.,Spigel, B.(2013).Challenges of transformation: Innovation, re-bundling and traditional manufacturing in Canada's technology triangle.Regional Studies,47(7),1111-1130.
8. Bellandi, M.,Caloffi, A.(2008).District internationalisation and trans-local development.Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal,20(6),517-532.
9. Boschma, R.(2015).Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience.Regional Studies,49(5),733-751.
10. Boschma, R.,Martin, R.(2010).The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography.Northampton:Edward Elgar.
11. Bristow, G.(2010).Resilient regions: Re-'place'ing regional competitiveness.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(1),153-167.
12. Bristow, G.,Healy, A.(2014).Regional resilience: An agency perspective.Regional Studies,48(5),923-935.
13. Brookfield, J.(2008).Firm clustering and specialization: A study of Taiwan's machine tool industry.Small Business Economics,30(4),405-422.
14. Chen, L. C.(2014).Entrepreneurship, technological changes, and the formation of a subcontracting production system: The case of Taiwan's machine tool industry.International Journal of Economics and Business Research,7(2),198-219.
15. Chen, L. C.(2011).The governance and evolution of local production networks in a cluster: The case of Taiwan's machine tool industry.GeoJournal,76(6),605-622.
16. Chen, L. C.(2007).Industrial Upgrading of Newly Industrializing Countries: The Case of Machine Tool Industry in Taiwan.Berkeley:University of California.
17. Chen, L. C.(2015).Building extra-regional networks for regional innovation systems: Taiwan's machine tool industry in China.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,100,107-117.
18. Chen, L. C.,Lin, Z. X.(2014).Examining the role of geographical proximity in a cluster's transformation process: The case of Taiwan's machine tool industry.European Planning Studies,22(1),1-19.
19. Child, J.,Faulkner, D.,Tallman, S. B.(2005).Cooperative Strategy: Managing Alliances, Networks, and Joint Ventures.New York:Oxford University Press.
20. Christopherson, S.,Michie, J.,Tyler, P.(2010).Regional resilience: Theoretical and empirical perspectives.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(1),3-10.
21. Crespo, J.,Suire, R.,Vicente, J.(2014).Lock-in or lock-out? How structural properties of knowledge networks affect regional resilience.Journal of Economic Geography,14(1),199-219.
22. David, P.(1993).Historical economics in the long run: Some implications of path-dependence.Historical Analysis in Economics,New York:
23. Dubé, J.,PolèSe, M.(2016).Resilience revisited: Assessing the Impact of the 2007-09 recession on 83 Canadian regions with accompanying thoughts on an elusive concept.Regional Studies,50(4),615-628.
24. Elola, A.,Parrilli, M. D.,Rabellotti, R.(2013).The resilience of clusters in the context of increasing globalization: The basque wind energy value chain.European Planning Studies,21(7),989-1005.
25. Enright, M. J.(2003).Regional clusters: What we know and what we should know.Innovation Clusters and Interregional Competition,New York:
26. Eraydin, A.(2016).Attributes and characteristics of regional resilience: Defining and measuring the resilience of turkish regions.Regional Studies,50(4),600-614.
27. Eriksson, R. H.,Hane-Weijman, E.(2015).How do regional economies respond to crises?-The geography of job creation and destruction in Sweden (1990-2010).European Urban and Regional Studies
28. Feldman, M.,Francis, J. L.(2006).Entrepreneurs as agents in the formation of industrial clusters.Clusters and Regional Development: Critical Reflections and Explorations,New York:
29. Filippetti, A.,Archibugi, D.(2011).Innovation in times of crisis: National systems of innovation, structure, and demand.Research Policy,40(2),179-192.
30. Frenken, K.,Van Oort, F.,Verburg, T.(2007).Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth.Regional Studies,41(5),685-697.
31. Gunderson, L. H.,Holling, C. S.(2002).Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems.Washington:Island Press.
32. Hassink, R.(2010).Regional resilience: A promising concept to explain differences in regional economic adaptability?.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(1),45-58.
33. Hassink, R.(2005).How to unlock regional economies from path dependency? From learning region to learning cluster.European Planning Studies,13(4),521-535.
34. Hervas-Oliver, J. L.,Jackson, I.,Tomlinson, P. R.(2011).May the ovens never grow cold' : Regional resilience and industrial policy in the north staffordshire ceramics industrial district- with lessons from sassoulo and castellon.Policy Studies,32(4),377-395.
35. Holling, C. S.(1973).Resilience and stability of ecological systems.Annual Review of Ecological Systems,4(1),1-23.
36. Holm, J. R.,Østergaard, C. R.(2015).Regional employment growth, shocks and regional industrial resilience: A quantitative analysis of the danish ICT Sector.Regional Studies,49(1),95-112.
37. Jaime, E. F.,Jean-Louis, R.(2013).Cluster resources and competitive advantage.International Journal of Wine Business Research,25(4),267-284.
38. Kiese, M.,Hundt, C.(2014).Cluster policies, organising capacity and regional resilience: evidence from German case studies.Raumforschung und Raumordnung,72(2),117-131.
39. Martin, R.(2012).Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks.Journal of Economic Geography,12(1),1-32.
40. Martin, R.(2010).Roepke lecture in economic geography-rethinking regional path dependence: Beyond lock-in to evolution.Economic Geography,86(1),1-27.
41. Martin, R.,Sunley, P.(2015).On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation.Journal of Economic Geography,15(1),1-42.
42. Martin, R.,Sunley, P.(2008).Economic Geography: Critical Concepts in the Social Sciences.New York:Routledge.
43. Martin, R.,Sunley, P.,Gardiner, B.,Tyler, P.(2016).How regions react to recessions: Resilience and the role of economic structure.Regional Studies,50(4),561-585.
44. McGlade, J.,Murray, R.,Baldwin, J.(2006).Industrial resilience and decline: A coevolutionary approach.Complexity and Co-Evolution: Continuity and Change in Socio-Economic Systems,Northampton:
45. Menzel, M. P.,Fornahl, D.(2010).Cluster life cycles-dimensions and rationales of cluster evolution.Industrial and Corporate Change,19(1),205-238.
46. Onis, Z.(1991).The logic of the developmental State.Comparative Politics,24(1),109-126.
47. Pendall, R.,Foster, K. A.,Cowell, M.(2010).Resilience and regions: Building understanding of the metaphor.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(1),71-84.
48. Pike, A.,Dawley, S.,Tomaney, J.(2010).Resilience, adaptation and adaptability.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(1),59-70.
49. Pimm, S. L.(1984).The complexity and stability of ecosystems.Nature,307(5949),321-326.
50. Raco, M.,Street, E.(2012).Resilience planning, economic change and the politics of postrecession development in London and Hong Kong.Urban Studies,49(5),1065-1087.
51. Rodríguez-Pose, A.(2013).Do institutions matter for regional development?.Regional Studies,47(7),1034-1047.
52. Schmitz, H.(1995).Collective efficiency: Growth path for small-scale industry.Journal of Development Studies,31(4),529-566.
53. Scott, M.(2013).Resilience: A conceptual lens for rural studies?.Geography Compass,7(9),597-610.
54. Sensier, M.,Artis, M.(2016).The resilience of employment in wales: Through recession and into recovery.Regional Studies,50(4),586-599.
55. Simmie, J.,Martin, R.(2010).The economic resilience of regions: Towards an evolutionary approach.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(1),27-43.
56. Skålholt, A.,Thune, T.(2014).Coping with economic crises-the role of clusters.European Planning Studies,22(10),1993-2010.
57. Smallbone, D.,Deakins, D.,Battisti, M.,Kitching, J.(2012).Small business responses to a major economic downturn: Empirical perspectives from New Zealand and the United Kingdom.International Small Business Journal,30(7),754-777.
58. Staber, U.(2007).Contextualizing research on social capital in regional clusters.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,31(3),505-521.
59. Swanstrom, T.(2008).,Berkeley:Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California.
60. Treado, C. D.,Giarratani, F.(2008).Intermediate steel-industry suppliers in the pittsburgh region: A cluster-based analysis of regional economic resilience.Economic Development Quarterly,22(1),63-75.
61. Waters, R.(2015).Clusters and resilience: Economic growth in Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire.International Journal of Global Environmental Issues,14(1/2),132-150.
62. Wolfe, D. A.(2010).The strategic management of core cities: Path dependence and economic adjustment in resilient regions.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(1),139-152.
63. Yamamoto, D.(2011).Regional resilience: Prospects for regional development research.Geography Compass,5(10),723-736.
64. 工研院(2000)。九二一地震對我國產業之衝擊。新竹:工研院ITIS 專案辦公室。
65. 工研院產經中心(2003)。2003 機械產業年鑑。新竹:工研院產經中心。
66. 工研院機械所(1998)。1998 工具機年鑑。新竹:工研院機械所。
67. 工研院機械所(1996)。1996 工具機年鑑。新竹:工研院機械所。
68. 工研院機械所(1995)。1995 工具機年鑑。新竹:工研院機械所。
69. 王振寰(2010)。追趕的極限：台灣的經濟轉型與創新。臺北:巨流圖書。
70. 台灣區工具機暨零組件同業公會(2011)。MA 工具機與零組件雜誌，28
71. 台灣區機械工業同業公會TAMI(2005)。機械工業六十年史。臺北:台灣區機械工業同業公會。
72. 陳恆文、陳良治(2015)。產業群聚的制度建構：以台灣工具機M-Team 為例。第六屆發展研究年會，臺北:
73. 劉仁傑(1999)。分工網路：剖析台灣工具機產業競爭力的奧秘。臺北:聯經出版事業股份有限公司。

1. 林顯明(2022)。臺灣農村經濟調適力與轉型經驗之研究：以高雄美濃和屏東竹田為例。社會科學論叢，16(2)，51-104。
2. 潘思錡,胡太山,林海萍(2020)。衝擊後編定工業區的規劃治理反思－以安平及台南科技工業區為例。規劃學報，38(2)，59-83。
3. 潘思錡,賈秉靜,胡太山(2019)。以創新投入與人才演化之觀點解析台灣工具機產業創新氛圍的形塑。建築與規劃學報，20(2)，115-137。