明星高中進入頂尖大學的學校特定效果分析

Do Elite High Schools Matter for Entering Elite Universities?

莊奕琦(Yih-Chyi Chuang)；陳晏羚(Yen-Ling Chen)

明星高中 ； 臺灣青少年成長歷程研究 ； 樣本選擇性偏誤 ； 學校特定效果 ； Elite High School ； Taiwan Youth Project ； Sample Selection Bias ； School-specific Effect

經濟研究

57卷1期（2021 / 01 / 31）

93 - 122

繁體中文

臺灣隨著大專院校的擴增，升學率普遍提高，唸大學已不再是重點，能不能唸好的大學才是關鍵。本文分析明星高中是否存在進入頂尖大學的學校特定效果，利用「臺灣青少年成長歷程研究」問卷調查資料，採Heckman兩階段估計法先控制樣本就讀大學的選擇性偏誤，再以羅吉斯迴歸模型估計，涵蓋的控制變數除了家庭背景、地區變數外，再加入個人能力的不同代理變數，並進行不同組合樣本的敏感性分析。實證結果發現，在控制個人能力變數與明星高中為吸引優秀學生的效果後，明星高中對進入頂尖大學仍具顯著學校特定效果優勢，相對勝算比約2.5倍至2.9倍。至於明星高中的學校特定效果來源將因不同的內涵而有不同的政策意涵，故尚待後續研究釐清。

Along with the rapid expansion of higher education in Taiwan since the mid-1990s, being admitted by a university is no longer a key issue, whereas entering an elite university remains as a keen space for competition. This paper uses data from Taiwan Youth Project to test the school-specific effect of elite high schools on entering elite universities. We deal with problems of sample selection and the appealing effect for students with good academic performance in elite high schools. After controlling for regions, family socioeconomic status, personal characteristics, and unobserved ability, our estimation results show that there exists a positive and significant school-specific effect with an odd-ratio of 2.5 to 2.9, for students of elite high schools to enter elite universities. However, the connotations of the school-specific effect may lead to varied policy implications and thus require further investigations.

1. 林大森, Da-Sen,陳憶芬, Yi-Fen(2006)。臺灣高中生參加補習之效益分析。教育研究集刊，52(4)，35-70。
   連結：
2. 莊奕琦, Yih-Chyi,陳晏羚, Yeng-Ling(2011)。紈袴子弟與流氓教授：台灣的教育與階級流動。人文及社會科學集刊，23(1)，61-91。
   連結：
3. 莊奕琦, Yih-Chyi,賴偉文, Wei-Wen(2008)。影響教育成就的因素及九年國民義務教育政策效果評析：臺灣實證。人文及社會科學集刊，20(1)，25-65。
   連結：
4. 黃毅志, Yih-Jyh,陳俊瑋, Chun-Wei(2008)。學科補習、成績表現與升學結果—以學測成績與上公立大學為例。教育研究集刊，54(1)，117-149。
   連結：
5. 銀慶貞, Ching-Chen,陶宏麟, Hung-Lin,洪嘉瑜, Chia-Yu(2012)。補習對考大學真的有用嗎？。經濟論文叢刊，40(1)，73-118。
   連結：
6. 劉正, Jeng(2006)。補習在臺灣的變遷、效能與階層化。教育研究集刊，52(4)，1-33。
   連結：
7. 駱明慶, Ming-Ching(2002)。誰是臺大學生？—性別、省籍與城鄉差異。經濟論文叢刊，30(1)，113-147。
   連結：
8. Aina, C.(2013).Parental Background and University Dropout in Italy.Higher Education,65(4),437-456.
9. Angrist, J. D.,Krueger, A. B.(1991).Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,106(4),979-1014.
10. Bell-Ellison, B. A.(2008).University of South Florida.
11. Brewer, D. J.,Eide, E. R.,Ehrenberg, R. G.(1999).Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross-Cohort Evidence on the Effects of Collage Type on Earnings.The Journal of Human Resources,34(1),104-123.
12. Caliendo, M.,Schmidl, R.,Uhlendorff, A.(2011).Social Networks, Job Search Methods and Reservation Wages: Evidence for Germany.International Journal of Manpower,32(7),796-824.
13. Card, D.(2001).Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems.Econometrica,69(5),1127-1160.
14. Dearden, L.,Ferri, J.,Meghir, C.(2002).The Effect of School Quality on Educational Attainment and Wages.The Review of Economics and Statistics,84(1),1-20.
15. Doerschuk, P.,Bahrim, C.,Daniel, J.,Kruger, J.,Mann, J.,Martin, C.(2016).Closing The Gaps and Filling the STEM Pipeline: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Journal of Science Education and Technology,25(4),682-695.
16. Duncan, O. D.,Featherman, D. L.,Duncan, B.(1972).Socioeconomic Background and Achievement.New York:Seminar Press.
17. Dustmann, C.(2004).Parental Background, Secondary School Track Choice, and Wages.Oxford Economic Papers,56(2),209-230.
18. Dustmann, C.,Rajah, N.,van Soest, A. H. O.(1998).Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research Discussion PaperTilburg University, Center for Economic Research Discussion Paper,未出版
19. Feinberg, S. E.(1985).The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data.New York:Springer-Verlag.
20. Gibb, S. J.,Fergusson, D. M.,Horwood, L. J.(2008).Gender Differences in Educational Achievement to Age 25.Australian Journal of Education,52(1),63-80.
21. Golden, D.(2006).The Price of Admission: How America’s Ruling Class Buys Its Way into Elite Colleges--and Who Gets Left Outside the Gates.New York:The Crown Publishing Group/Random House.
22. Greene, W. H.(2003).Econometric Analysis.New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
23. Hauser, R. M.,Warren, J. R.,Huang, M. H.,Carter, W. Y.(2000).Occupational Status, Education, and Social Mobility in the Meritocracy.Meritocracy and Economic Inequality,Princeton, NJ:
24. Haveman, R.,Smeeding, T.(2006).The Role of Higher Education in Social Mobility.The Future of Children,16(2),125-150.
25. Heckman, J. J.(1979).Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.Econometrica,47(1),153-161.
26. Khattab, N.(2015).Students’ Aspirations, Expectations and School Achievement: What Really Matters?.British Educational Research Journal,41(5),731-748.
27. Link, C. R.,Ratledge, E. C.(1975).Social Returns to Quantity and Quality of Education: A Further Statement.The Journal of Human Resources,10(1),78-89.
28. Miguel, E.,Satyanath, S.,Sergenti, E.(2004).Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach.Journal of Political Economy,112(4),725-753.
29. Miranda, A.,Rabe-Hesketh, S.(2006).Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Endogenous Switching and Sample Selection Models for Binary, Ordinal, and Count Variables.The Stata Journal,6(3),285-308.
30. Morgan, P. L.,Farkas, G.,Hillemeier, M. M.,Maczuga, S.(2009).Risk Factors for Learning-Related Behavior Problems at 24 Months of Age: Population-Based Estimates.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,37(3),401-413.
31. Morgan, S. P.,Teachman, J. D.(1988).Logistic Regression: Description, Examples, and Comparison.Journal of Marriage and Family,50(4),929-936.
32. Prior, W.,Mellor, S.(2002).The Role of Schools in The Enhancement of Social Tolerance and Cohesion: A Case Study Research Project in the Pacific Region.Australian Association for Research in Education Conference,Brisbane:
33. Rajan, R. G.,Subramanian, A.(2008).Aid and Growth: What Does the Cross-Country Evidence Really Show?.The Review of Economics and Statistics,90(4),643-665.
34. Strayer, W.(2002).The Returns to School Quality: College Choice and Earnings.Journal of Labor Economics,20(3),475-503.
35. Willis, R. J.,Rosen, S.(1979).Education and Self-selection.Journal of Political Economy,87(5),S7-S36.
36. 吳義傑, Yi-Chien(2010)。世新大學傳播管理學系=Department of Communications Management, Shih-Hsin University。
37. 張宜君, Yi-Chun,林宗弘, Thung-Hong(2013)。高等教育擴張與階級不平等：以台灣高等教育改革為例。2013 臺灣社會學年會：臺灣社會的再轉型，臺北=Taipei:
38. 陳素貞, Su-Zhen,周淑慧, Shu-Hui(2010)。統計應用分析報告統計應用分析報告,臺北市政府教育局統計室=Statistics Office, Education Bureau of Taipei City Government。
39. 陸炳杉, Ping-Shan(2003)。國立高雄師範大學工業科技教育學系=Department of Industrial Technology Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University。
40. 黃雅容, Ya-Rong(2009)。從上課方式、補習與課外閱讀比較就讀明星高中與一般高中的學習經驗。教育實踐與研究，22(1)，113-137。
41. 謝亞恆, Ya-Heng(2004)。南華大學應用社會學系=Department of Applied Sociology, Nanhua University。
42. 韓楷檉, Kai-Cheng,王世英, Shin-Ying,陳啟東, Chi-Tung,楊銀興, Ying-Hsin(2010)。高中生參與大學入學方案一年兩試成績差異之分析。教育資料集刊，46，27-53。
43. 簡茂發, Maw-Fa(1981)。我國國小及國中學生的智力發展。教育心理學報，14，125-147。