預期組織變革不確定感對員工工作反應影響之實證研究

An Empirical Study of the Relationships between Uncertain Anticipation of Organizational Change and the Employee's Working Reaction

10.6226/NTURM2002.13.1.227

廖國鋒(Gou-Fong Liaw)；范淼(Miao Fan)；吳振昌(Cheng-Chung Wu)

預期組織變革不確定感 ； 信任 ； 人格特質 ； 員工工作反應 ； anticipated organizational change ； perceived uncertainty trust ； characteristic ； employee's working reaction

臺大管理論叢

13卷1期（2002 / 12 / 01）

227 - 256

繁體中文

本研究主要目的在探討，員工在預期組織變革的心理下，透過不同信任層級對員工的工作反應之影響。經實證研究結果顯示，員工因為預期組織變革的不確定感心理，包括地位喪失、工作不安全、角色衝突、角色負荷及資源的減少等。其中角色衝突、角色負荷的不確定感，對於上司信任具有顯著的正向影響關係，顯示今日社會上的員工，在面對工作諸多不確定感的情形下，是傾向於尋求上司的協助並解決問題的。從本研究的路徑分析結果，發現員工的工作反應受信任關係的影響，而信任關係又受到員工不確定感的影響。因此信任關係是員工面對工作的不確定感以及工作反應的重要中介變項。對管理者而言，如何強化員工的信任是提升員工績效的重要關鍵之一。最後並藉由巢狀模式的分析比較結果發現，自尊、自我效能對於信任與真正工作反應之關係具有顯著的干擾效果。因此，透過職前人格特質測驗的把關篩選，對組織而言，未嘗不是一件有意義的事。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship and implication about the employee's working reaction to anticipate organizational changes, through the difference of trust. This paper would like to explore empirically the effects that employee's perception of uncertainty: The perception of uncertainty exists in many ways, such as loss of status, conflict of roles, overload of roles, fewer resources and job insecurity, etc. There are significant differences about trust of executives, especially in the conflict of roles and the overload of roles. These results implicate that employees facing much uncertainty would look for help from executives. We find that the trust affects employee's working reaction, and it was affected by the employee's feeling of uncertainty. In a nutshell, trust is an important issue in this study. Finally, through the comparison and analysis of LISREL model, the self-esteem and self-efficiency have significant moderating effects about employee's working reaction. It ought to be a meaningful thing to conduct the pre-occupation test in characteristics from the point of organization.

1. Anderson, J. C., Gerbing, D. W.(1988).Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach.Psychological Bulletin,103(3)
2. Armenakis, A., Harris, S., Field, H.(1999).Handbook of organizational behavior.New York:Marcel Dekker.
3. Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., Bobko, P.(1989).Content, Causes, and Consequences of Job Insecurity: A Theory-Based Measure and Substantive Test.Academy of Management Journal,32(4)
4. Astley, W. G., Van de Ven, A. H.(1983).Central Perspectives and Debates in Organization Theory.Administrative Science Quarterly,28
5. Bagozzi, R. P., Davis, F. D., Warshaw, P. R.(1992).Development and test of a theory of technological learning and usage.Human Relations,45(7)
6. Bandura, A.(1977).Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change.Psychological Review,84(2)
7. Blau, P. M.(1964).Exchange and Power in Social Life.New York:Wiley.
8. Burke, W., Litwin, G.(1992).A Causal Model of Organizational Performance and Change.Journal of Management,18
9. Callan, V.(1993).Individual and organizational strategies for coping with organizational change.Work ＆ Stress,7
10. Cameron, K. S.(1994).Strategies for successful organizational downsizing.Human Resource Management,33
11. Clarke, J., Ellett, C., Bateman, J., Rugutt, J.(1996).Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education.Memphis, TN:
12. Coopersmith, S.(1967).The Antecedents of Self-Esteem.San Francisco:W. H. Freeman.
13. Deluga, R. J.(1994).Supervisor Trust Building, Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,67
14. Doby, V. J., Caplan, R. D.(1995).Organizational stress as threat to reputation: Effects on anxiety at work and at home.Academy of Management Journal,38
15. Duncan, R. B.(1972).Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty.Administrative Science Quarterly,17(3)
16. Eden, D., Kinner, J.(1991).Modeling galatea: Boosting self-efficacy to increase volunteering.Journal of Applied Psychology,76
17. Finstad, N.(1988).The Rhetoric of Organizational Change.Human Relations,51
18. Fox, M., Ganster, D. C.(1993).Effects of stressful job demands and control on physiological and attitudinal outcomes in a hospital setting.Academy of Management Journal,36
19. Gambetta, D.(1988).Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations.Oxford:Blackwell.
20. Ganster, D. C., Schaubroeck, J. C.(1991).Work Stress and Employee Health.Journal of Management,17(2)
21. Gifford, W. E., Bobbitt, H. R., Slocum, J. W.(1979).Message Characteristics and Perceptions of Uncertainty by Organizational Decision Makers.Academy of Management Journal,22(3)
22. Greenhalgh, L., Rosenblatt, Z.(1984).Job insecurity: toward conceptual clarity.Academy of Management Review,9
23. Hosmer, L. T.(1995).Trust: The Connecting Link between Organizational Theory and Philosophical Ethics.Academy of Management Review,20(2)
24. Hui, Chun, Lee, Cynthia(2000).Moderating effects of Organization-Based Self-esteem on Organizational uncertainty: Employee Response Relationships.Journal of Management,26(2)
25. Jick, T. D.(1985).Human stress and cognition in organizations.New York:John Wiley ＆ Sons.
26. Leana, C. R., Feldman, D. C.(1992).Coping with job loss: How individuals, organizations, and communities respond to layoffs.New York:Lexington Books.
27. Lefcourt, H. M.(1972).Progress in Experimental Personality Research, Vol. 6.New York:Academic Press.
28. Matteson, M. T., Ivancevich, J. M.(1987).Controlling Work Stress: Effective Human Resource and Management Strategies.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
29. Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D.(1995).An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust.Academy of Management Review,20(3)
30. Meyer, A., Brooks, G., Goes, J.(1990).Environmental jolts and industry revolutions: Organizational responses to discontinuous change.Strategic Management Journal,11
31. Mitchell, T. R., Smyser, C. M., Weed, S. E.(1975).Locus of Control: Supervision and Work Satisfaction.Academy of Management Journal,18
32. Mossholder, K. W., Bedeian, A. G., Armenakis, A. A.(1982).Group Process-work Outcome Relationships: a Note on the Moderating Impact of Self-Esteem.Academy of Management Journal,25
33. Mossholder, K. W., Bedeian, A. G., Armenakis, A. A.(1981).Role Perceptions, Satisfaction, and Performance: Moderating Effects of Self-Esteem and Organizational Level.Academy of Management Journal,28
34. Parkes, K. R.(1991).Locus of Control as Moderator: An Explanation for Additive Versus Interactive Findings in the Demand-Discretion Model of Work Stress?.British Journal of Psychology,82
35. Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., Dunham, R. B.(1993).Organization-Based Self Esteem: construct Definition, Measurement, and Validation.Academy of Management Journal,32
36. Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Dunham, R. B., Cummings, L. L.(1993).Moderation By organization-based self-esteem of role condition-employee response relationships.Academy of Management Journal,36
37. Pillai, R., Chester, A. S., Williams, E. S.(1999).Fairness Perceptions and Trust as Mediators for Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Two-Sample Study.Journal of Management,25(6)
38. Reichers, A., Wanous, J., Austin, J.(1997).Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change.Academy of Management Executive,11(1)
39. Rotter, J. B.(1966).Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement.Psychological Monographs: General and Applied,80(1)
40. Saks, A. K.(1994).Moderating effects of self-efficacy for the relationship between training method and anxiety and stress reactions of newcomers.Journal of Organizational Behavior,15
41. Schabracq, M., Cooper, C.(1998).Toward a Phenomenological Framework for the Study of Work and Organizational Stress.Human Relations,51
42. Sitkin, S. B., Pahlo, A. L.(1992).Reconceptualizing the Determinants of Risk Behavior.Academy of Management Review,17(1)
43. Spector, P. E.(1994).The Contribution of Personality Traits, Negative Affectivity, Locus of Control and Type A to the Subsequent Reports of Job Stressors and Job Strains.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,67
44. Stumpf, S., Brief, A. P., Hartman, K.(1987).Self-efficiency expectations and coping with career-related events.Journal of Vocational Behavior,31
45. Tang, T. L.(1997).Locus of control as a moderator of the self-reported performance feedback-personal sacrifice relationship.Personality and Individual Differences,22
46. Vollman, T.(1996).The Transformation Imperative: Achieving Market Dominance Through Radical Change.Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press.
47. 廖國鋒 Liaw, Gou-Fong、 范淼 Fan, Meau、 王湧水 Wang, Yung-Shui(2002)。從個體觀點探討組織成員因應組織變革之研究 A Micro-Perspective Study on Investigating Individual Coping with Organizational Change。管理學報 Journal of Management，19(3)
48. 廖國鋒 Liaw, Gou-Fong、 范淼 Fan, Meau、 吳振昌 Wu, Cheng-Chung(2000)。第二屆工業關係管理本質與趨勢研討會。大葉大學。
49. 劉世南 Liou, Shyh-Nan(2000)。第五屆華人心理與行為科技學術研討會。

1. 楊文津(2016)。以變革認知對留任意願影響人口統計變項之干擾效果。淡江大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班學位論文。2016。1-63。