東亞地區商業銀行效率之實證分析

The Efficiency Analysis in East Asia Commercial Bank

10.6226/NTURM2014.APR.R10019

盧永祥(Yung-Hsiang Lu)；王俊賢(Chun-Hsien Wang)；蔡芳梅(Fang-Mei Tsai)

商業銀行 ； 共同邊界DEA模型 ； 技術缺口率 ； commercial bank ； Metafrontier DEA model ； technology gap ratio

臺大管理論叢

24卷2期（2014 / 06 / 01）

83 - 113

繁體中文

本文旨在衡量2004~2007年臺灣、香港、中國、日本及南韓的220家商業銀行在技術效率與生產技術之差異，並揭露各地區銀行在資源運用及生產水準之差異，以提供東亞地區銀行相互學習之標竿；為了進一步考量各地區銀行在不同生產技術之差異，本研究摒除環境變數與銀行特性之影響，以合理評估五個地區商業銀行的技術差異。實證結果顯示，經濟快速發展的中國及金融業居領導地位的日本，分別在共同技術效率及技術缺口率有較佳的表現；民營銀行及新銀行在效率表現及技術缺口率，平均優於公營銀行及舊銀行；另一方面，未摒除環境變數與銀行特性之影響，效率值及技術缺口率均呈現低估現象，且各地區在效率值及技術缺口率之排序上，亦有明顯之差異。

The primary purpose of this paper is to measure the differences in technology and production efficiency among 220 commercial banks in Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Japan, and South Korean during 2004-2007. This will enable us to explore the differences in resource operation and production level so as to establish a mutual learning benchmark for the East Asian regional banks. To further consider the differences in the production technology of different regions, this study eliminates the impact of environment variables and banking features and examines the differences in technology efficiency and production efficiency in these regions. The empirical findings show that both the Metatechnology efficiency and the technology gap ratio are significantly well-performed take place in China and Japan. In addition, the efficiency performance and technology gap ratio in the private and new banking sectors are significantly greater than those in the public and old banking sectors. However, if the effects of environmental variables and banking features are not eliminated, we find that both efficiency values and technology gap ratio may have been underestimated and the ranking of technology efficiency and the technology gap ratio are significantly different from region to region.

1. 呂青樺、沈中華(2006)。影響大陸地區銀行獲利能力與風險的因素。中國大陸研究，49(3)，119-142。
   連結：
2. 呂青樺、沈中華(2010)。外資銀行、城市銀行與中國的城市經濟成長。遠景基金會季刊，11(2)，43-97。
   連結：
3. 李揚、郭睿淇、李威龍、林孟熙(2010)。中國與印度銀行產業之群體績效評估。應用經濟論叢 ( 生產力與效率特刊 )，87，87-116。
   連結：
4. 沈中華、陳庭萱(2008)。台灣商業銀行修正呆帳提列後的成本效率實證研究。經濟論文，36(2)，221-247。
   連結：
5. 陳谷劦、楊浩彥(2008)。共同邊界 Malmquist 生產力指數的延伸：跨國總體資料的實證分析。經濟論文叢刊，36(4)，551-588。
   連結：
6. 黃台心、姜麗智、陳冠臻、邱柏豪(2010)。應用共同邊界成本函數探討西歐十六國銀行業技術效率和技術缺口比率。管理評論，29(3)，25-43。
   連結：
7. 黃台心、姜麗智、陳冠臻、邱柏豪(2010)。應用共同邊界成本函數探討西歐十六國銀行業技術效率和技術缺口比率。管理評論，29(3)，25-43。
   連結：
8. 黃台心、張寶光、邱郁芳(2009)。應用共同成本函數探討東亞六國銀行業之生產效率。經濟論文，37(1)，61-100。
   連結：
9. 黃啟瑞、董澤平、李文瑞(2009)。中國銀行業國際化之區位選擇因素。中國大陸研究，52(1)，1-28。
   連結：
10. 鄭政秉、莊桓勛(2005)。中國大陸銀行業經營績效之研究─隨機邊界分析法之應用。遠景基金會季刊，6(3)，137-174。
    連結：
11. 鄭政秉、梁連文、許智偉(2010)。差異化管理對於台灣與日本銀行業成本效率之影響。應用經濟論叢 ( 生產力與效率特刊 )，87，145-189。
    連結：
12. Allen, L.,Rai, A.(1996).Operational efficiency in banking: An international comparison.Journal of Banking and Finance,20(4),655-672.
13. Assaf, A.(2009).Accounting for size in efficiency comparisons of airports.Journal of Air Transport Management,15(5),256-258.
14. Banker, R. D.,Charnes, A.,Cooper, W. W.(1984).Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis.Management Science,30(9),1078-1092.
15. Barros, C. P.,Ferreira, C.,Williams, J.(2007).Analysing the determinants of performance of best and worst European banks: A mixed logit approach.Journal of Banking and Finance,31(7),2189-2203.
16. Battese, G. E.,Rao, D. S. P.(2002).Technology gap, efficiency and a stochastic metafrontier function.International Journal of Business and Economics,1(2),87-93.
17. Battese, G. E.,Rao, D. S. P.,O'Donnell, C. J.(2004).A metafrontier production function for estimation of technical efficiencies and technology gaps for firms operating under different technologies.Journal of Productivity Analysis,21(1),91-103.
18. Berg, S. A.,Forsund, F. R.,Hjalmarsson, L.,Suominen, M.(1993).Banking efficiency in the Nordic countries.Journal of Banking and Finance,17(2-3),371-388.
19. Berger, A. N.,Hasan, I.,Zhou, M.(2009).Bank ownership and efficiency in China: What will happen in the world's largest nation.Journal of Banking and Finance,33(1),113-130.
20. Binam, J. N.,Gockowski, J.,Nkamleu, G. B.(2008).Technical efficiency and productivity potential of cocoa farmers in west African countries.The Developing Economies,46(3),242-263.
21. Bonin, J. P.,Hasan, I.,Wachtel, P.(2005).Bank performance, efficiency and ownership in transition countries.Journal of Banking and Finance,29(1),31-53.
22. Bos, J. W. B.,Schmiedel, H.(2007).Is there a single frontier in single European banking market?.Journal of Banking and Finance,31(7),2081-2102.
23. Boshrabadi, H. M.,Villano, R.,Fleming, E.(2008).Technical efficiency and environmental-technological gaps in wheat production in Kerman province of Iran.Agricultural Economics,38(1),67-76.
24. Brown, K.,Skully, M.(2006).Evaluating cost performance of banks in the Asia Pacific.Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy,25(1),61-70.
25. Casu, B.,Molyneux, P.(2003).A comparative study of efficiency in European banking.Applied Economics,35(17),1865-1876.
26. Chen, K. H.,Yang, H. Y.(2011).A cross-country comparison of productivity growth using the generalised metafrontier malmquist productivity index: With application to banking industries in Taiwan and China.Journal of Productivity Analysis,35(3),197-212.
27. Chen, X.,Skully, M.,Brown, K.(2005).Banking efficiency in China: Application of DEA to pre- and post-deregulation eras: 1993-2000.China Economic Review,16(3),229-245.
28. Chen, Z.,Song, S.(2008).Efficiency and technology gap in China's Agriculture: A regional meta-frontier analysis.China Economic Review,19(2),287-296.
29. De Witte, K.,Marques, R. C.(2008).Capturing the environment, a metafrontier approach to the drinking water sector.International Transactions in Operational Research,16(2),257-271.
30. Dietsch, M.,Lozano-Vivas, A.(2000).How the environment determines banking efficiency: A comparison between French and Spanish industries.Journal of Banking and Finance,24(6),985-1004.
31. Färe, R.,Grosskopf, S.(2004).New Directions: Efficiency and Productivity.Boston, MA:Kluwer Academic.
32. Fried, H. O.,Lovell, C. A. K.,Schmidt, S. S.,Yaisawarng, S.(2002).Accounting for environmental effects and statistical noise in data envelopment analysis.Journal of Productivity Analysis,17(1-2),157-174.
33. Fried, H. O.,Schmidt, S. S.,Yaisawarng, S.(1999).Incorporating the operating environment into a nonparametric measure of technical efficiency.Journal of Productivity Analysis,12(3),249-267.
34. Fries, S.,Taci, A.(2005).Cost efficiency of banks in transition: Evidence from 289 banks in 15 post-communist countries.Journal of Banking and Finance,29(1),55-81.
35. Fu, X.,Heffernan, S.(2007).Cost X-efficiency in China's banking sector.China Economic Review,18(1),35-53.
36. Grigorian, D. A.,Manole, V.(2006).Determinants of commercial bank performance in transition: An application of data envelopment analysis.Comparative Economic Studies,48(3),497-522.
37. Hasan, I.,Marton, K.(2003).Development and efficiency of the banking sector in a transitional economy: Hungarian experience.Journal of Banking and Finance,27(12),2249-2271.
38. Huang, Y. J.,Chen, K. H.,Yang, C. H.(2010).Cost efficiency and optimal scale of electricity distribution firms in Taiwan: An application of metafrontier analysis.Energy Economics,32(1),15-23.
39. Kumbhakar, S. C.,Wang, D.(2007).Economic reforms, efficiency and productivity in Chinese banking.Journal of Regulatory Economics,32(2),105-129.
40. Miller, S. M.,Noulas, A. G.(1996).The technical efficiency of large bank production.Journal of Banking and Finance,20(3),495-509.
41. O'Donnell, C. J.,Rao, D. S. P.,Battese, G. E.(2008).Metafrontier frameworks for the study of firm-level efficiencies and technology ratios.Empirical Economics,34(2),231-255.
42. Rao, D. S. P.(2006).Metafrontier framework for the study of firm-level efficiencies and technology gaps.the Productivity and Efficiency Seminar,Taiwan:
43. Santiago, C. V.,Humphrey, D. B.,Paso, R. L.(2007).Do cross-country differences in bank efficiency support a policy of national champions?.Journal of Banking and Finance,31(7),2173-2188.
44. Sathye, M.(2005).Technical efficiency of large bank production in Asia and the Pacific.Multinational Finance Journal,9(1-2),1-22.
45. Sturm, J.,Williams, B.(2002).,Munich, Germany:CESifo.
46. Timmer, C. P.(1971).Using a probabilistic frontier production function to measure technical efficiency.Journal of Political Economy,79(4),776-794.
47. Weill, L.(2004).Measuring cost efficiency in European banking: A comparison of frontier techniques.Journal of Productivity Analysis,21(2),133-152.
48. Weill, L.(2002).Does restructuring improve banking efficiency in a transition economy?.Applied Economics Letters,9(5),279-281.
49. Wilson, P. W(1995).Detecting influential observations in data envelopment analysis.Journal of Productivity Analysis,6(1),27-45.
50. Yang, C. H.,Chen, K. H.(2009).Are small firms less efficient?.Small Business Economics,32(4),375-395.
51. Yildirim, H. S.,Philippatos, G. C.(2007).Efficiency of banks: Recent evidence from the transition economies of Europe, 1993-2000.The European Journal of Finance,13(2),123-143.
52. 陳建宏、蔡孟涵(2005)。臺灣銀行業經濟效率與市場效率之實證研究。朝陽商管評論，4(2)，41-72。
53. 黃台心、陳盈秀(2005)。應用三階段估計法探討臺灣地區銀行業經營效率。貨幣市場，9(4)，1-27。
54. 黃鏡如、傅祖壇、黃美瑛(2008)。績效評估－效率與生產力之理論與應用。台北=Taipei, TW:新陸書局=Shinlou Publication。

1. 陳冠潔,張興華(2022)。純網路銀行與傳統銀行之效率與生產力分析：以日本爲例。應用經濟論叢，112，125-170。