關稅調升理論之經濟分析

On the Theory of Tariff Escalation

10.29628/AEP.200212.0002

吳世傑(Shih-Jye Wu)；黃鴻(Hong Hwang)

關稅調升 ； 連續性壟斷 ； 利潤擷取效果 ； Tariff escalation ； Successive monopolies ； Rent-extraction effect

經濟論文

30卷4期（2002 / 12 / 01）

409 - 441

繁體中文

實證顯示，許多國家之關稅結構會呈現「關稅調升」的現象；即最終財之進口關稅稅率較中間財為高，而中間財之關稅又較進口原料為高。惟解釋此一現象之理論文獻仍十分匱乏。為了填補此一空缺，本文建立一個包含上下游η個生產層級之連續性壟斷產業模型，以探討「關稅調升」現象之原因。本文發現，本國政府對下游財貨課徵進口關稅，不但可直接擷取此一財貨製造廠商之部份利潤，還可透過其上游中間財價格之變化而間接擷取到所有外國上游財貨製造廠商之部份利潤。因此，其它條件不變下，當某一進口財貨在外國之加工層級愈多時，本國對該財貨所課之關稅稅率必然愈高，形成「關稅調升」之現象。

Many empirical studies have shown that most countries in the world reveal a specific form of tariff structure, referred to as tariff-escalation, which is defined as tariff rates for final products being higher than those for intermediate goods, and the latter are higher than those for raw materials. However, trade theorists have paid scant attention to the causes of tariff-escalation. To fill up this gap, we set up a vertically-related model with n stages of successive monopolies. We find that a tariff on an imported good can be used to extract not only the profit of the foreign monopolist supplying this good, but a/so the rents acquired by all the foreign upstream monopolists through its effects on the prices of the upstream intermediate goods. Thus, as the number of production stages in the foreign country increases, the amount of rent captured by the foreign upstream producers rises and a higher tariff rate is therefore needed to extract the rent. This provides an explanation to the cause of tariff-escalation. .

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