網路外部性與進口貿易政策的效果

Import Policies with Network Externalities

10.29628/AEP.200606.0001

陳宏易(Hung-Yi Chen)；林虹妤(Hung-Yu Lin)；邱俊榮(Jiunn-Rong Chiou)

網路外部性 ； 關稅 ； 配額 ； 自動進口擴張 ； Network externalities ； Tariffs ； Quotas ； Voluntary import expansions

經濟論文

34卷2期（2006 / 06 / 01）

161 - 190

繁體中文

本文探討當產品具有網路外部性時，在產品可能具相容性或不相容性的情況下，若外國廠商與本國廠商在本國市場從事Cournot競爭，本國政府對外國廠商課徵關稅、進口配額及自動進口擴張等進口貿易政策的效果。本文的發現如下。不論產品相容與否，課徵關稅必使外國廠商減產。但當產品相容時，若邊際網路外部性效果夠大，則課徵關稅也有可能使得本國廠商減產；當產品不相容時，若外國廠商產量不大，則外國廠商可能會因些微關稅即退出市場，而白本國廠商獨占。統進口配額而言，當產品相容時，過低的配額有可能使得本國廠商反而減產；當產品不相容時，即使配額較自白貿易時為少，配額也可能不會用罄。統自動進口擴張政策而言，當產品相容時，對進口品的自動進口擴張政策也可能讓本國廠商增產；當產品不相容時，微小的自動進口擴張政策也可能會使得本國廠商退出市場。

This paper re-examines the effects of three import policies when products are in the presence of network externalities. We assume that one foreign firm and one domestic firm engage in Cournot competition in the domestic market. The products of two firms can be compatible or incompatible. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, the imposition of import tariffs will decrease the foreign firm's output as indicated in the strategic trade literature. However, when products are compatible and the marginal network externalities are sufficiently large, an import tariff may result in a decrease in domestic output. When products are incompatible, the foreign firm may be forced to exit the market even with a small amount of the tariffs, if the output of the foreign firm is small. Secondly, when products are compatible, a low enough quota may cause the domestic firm not to increase but to decrease its output. When products are incompatible, a quota may be non-binding even though the quota is set below the free trade level. Finally, when products are compatible, the domestic firm may increase its output under the voluntary import expansions (VIEs) policy. When products are incompatible, the domestic firm may be forced to exit the market even with a small amount of VIEs.

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